Flashcards
Classical and operant conditioning: key terms and definitions
Cards in this deck (24)
- 1LearningA relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience
- 2Classical ConditioningLearning through association (learning to associate a reflex response with a new stimulus)
- 3Unconditioned StimulusThe stimulus that produces a reflex response
- 4Unconditioned ResponseThe reflex response to an unconditioned stimulus
- 5Conditioned StimulusA new stimulus presented alongside the unconditioned stimulus
- 6Conditioned ResponseThe response that is learnt and now occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented alone
- 7ExtinctionA conditioned response dies out
- 8Spontaneous RecoveryA conditioned response that has disappeared suddenly reappears
- 9GeneralisationThe conditioned response is produced when a similar stimulus to the original conditioned stimulus is presented
- 10DiscriminationThe conditioned response is only produced when a specific stimulus is presented
- 11Operant ConditioningLearning that takes place because of the consequences of behaviour
- 12Law of EffectBehaviours that are followed by a positive consequence (eg. reward) are likely to be repeated. Those that are punished are not normally repeated.
- 13PunishmentA stimulus that weakens behaviour because it is unpleasant and we try to avoid it
- 14ReinforcementA consequence of behaviour that encourages or strengthens behaviour (this may be seen as a reward)
- 15Positive ReinforcementA pleasant consequence of behaviour that increases the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated (eg. praise)
- 16Negative ReinforcementAn unpleasant experience is removed after a behaviour or action is made, therefore increasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated (eg. being told you'll have a detention if you don't work well)
- 17Behaviour ShapingChanging behaviour in small steps using reinforcement
- 18PhobiaA persistent and irretional fear of an object, activity or situation. Symptoms include intense feelings of fear and anxiety to avoid the object, activity or situation
- 19FloodingA treatment for phobias that involves the immediate exposure of the person to the feared object, activity or event, until there is no fear response
- 20Systematic DesensitisationA treatment for phobias in which the person is taught to relax and then is gradually exposed to the feared object, activity or event
- 21Hierarchy of FearsA series of feared events ranked from least frightening to most frightening. This is used to aid systematic desensitisation.
- 22Aversion TherapyA treatment for addictions (such as drugs and alcohol dependency) which makes the addict have an extremely negative reaction (vomit) to the addictive substance
- 23Primary ReinforcerA reward, such as food or water, that the animal/person needs in order to survive
- 24Secondary ReinforcerA reward, such as money or a token, that an animal/person can exchange for a primary reinforcer
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- GCSE Psychology Flashcards on Untitled, created by lizzy allen on 20/03/2014.
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