Flashcards
Chapter 22 - Exploring Psychology in Modules 10th Ed
Cards in this deck (24)
- 1memorythe persistence of learning
over time through the encoding, storage,
and retrieval of information. - 2recalla measure of memory in which
the person must retrieve information
learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank
test. - 3recognitiona measure of memory in
which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice
test. - 4relearninga measure of memory that
assesses the amount of time saved when
learning material again. - 5encodingthe processing of information
into the memory system—for example,
by extracting meaning. - 6storagethe process of retaining encoded information over time.
- 7retrievalthe process of getting information out of memory storage.
- 8parallel processingthe processing of
many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions. - 9sensory memorythe immediate, very
brief recording of sensory information in
the memory system. - 10short-term memoryactivated memory that holds a few items briefly, such
as the seven digits of a phone number
while calling, before the information is
stored or forgotten. - 11long-term memorythe relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the
memory system. Includes knowledge,
skills, and experiences. - 12working memorya newer understanding of short-term memory that adds
conscious, active processing of incoming
auditory and visual-spatial information,
and of information retrieved from longterm memory. - 13explicit memorymemory of facts and
experiences that one can consciously
know and “declare.” (Also called declarative memory.) - 14effortful processingencoding that
requires attention and conscious effort. - 15automatic processingunconscious
encoding of incidental information, such
as space, time, and frequency, and of
well-learned information, such as word
meanings. - 16implicit memoryretention of learned
skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection. (Also called nondeclarative memory.) - 17iconic memorya momentary sensory
memory of visual stimuli; a photographic
or picture-image memory lasting no
more than a few tenths of a second. - 18echoic memorya momentary sensory
memory of auditory stimuli; if attention
is elsewhere, sounds and words can still
be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds. - 19chunkingorganizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs
automatically. - 20mnemonicsmemory
aids, especially those techniques that use
vivid imagery and organizational devices. - 21spacing effectthe tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better
long-term retention than is achieved
through massed study or practice - 22testing effectenhanced memory after
retrieving, rather than simply rereading,
information. Also sometimes referred
to as a retrieval practice effect or testenhanced learning - 23shallow processingencoding on a
basic level based on the structure or
appearance of words. - 24deep processingencoding semantically,
based on the meaning of the words;
tends to yield the best retention
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- Psychology Flashcards on Chapter 22 - Exploring Psychology in Modules 10th Ed, created by Ralph Hogaboom on 01/11/2016.
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- Ralph Hogaboom
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