6914795
Description
Flashcards by Hannah Shakeshaft, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Hannah Shakeshaft
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Brain Specialisation and the Control of Language: Objectives | - Describe the difference between the different types of aphasias - Discuss the methods used to study the localisation of certain functions. - Describe how visual field studies and dichotic listening studies “work” - Describe how the anatomy of the visual and auditory system “contribute” to the study of laterality in normal people - Describe functional differences between the left and right hemispheres - Understand why some of the differences are relative and not absolute (e.g., Kosslyn’s categorical vs. coordinate spatial relations; PET scan studies; commissurotomy studies) |
| Evidence of Speech Laterality | Brain injury studies Aphasia in sign language Dichotic listening (music and speech - developed from gestures?) |
| A | Impairment of language, comprehension of speech and the ability to read and write. Cause by damages to portions of the brain that are responsible for language development and maintenance. |
| Where is language localised? | In the brain, for right 'handers' - in the left hemisphere and in left handers - the both hemispheres. 90-95% language aphasias due to lesions in left hem. |
| Different Types of Aphasias | Paraphasias Non-Fluent Speech Agraphia Alexia Apraxia: impairment of the ability to program movement of the tongue, lips and throat - left frontal lobe |
| Main Types of impairments | Agrammatism: difficulties using grammar Anomia: difficulties finding correct word to use Articulation Difficulties: difficulties in pronunciation and sequencing of sounds - often correcting speech as it is made. |
| Broca's Area and Broca's Aphasia | - Using Gestures to give answers - Impairment to left inferior frontal region - Speech Production is impaired - also called production aphasia, speech is slow and requires lots of effort. A little like lazy speech - will not adjust adjectives, using simple endings such as -ed and -s. Anomia - difficulty retrieving words Have no problems understanding spoken or written language (showing that diff part of the brain is responsible for this. |
| Wernicke's Area and Wernicke's Aphasia | - In the temporal lobe - Speech is rapid and fluid but typically meaningless, Wernicke's aphasics are unaware that they are not making sense. - Cannot comprehend spoken or written words - Cannot repeat utterances that they hear |
| Motor Control and Laterance | Motor Cortex - Unable to draw number 6 and rotate foot clockwise |
| Angular Gyrus | Most involved with reading, damage here causes impairments to the matching of a written word to its auditory code. |
| Conduction Aphasia | - Following damage to the arcuate fasciculus - Speech remains fluent - Comprehension is good - Cannot repeat a sentence - Cannot produce names of objects and pictures |
| Left Hemisphere vs. Right Hemisphere | Vision - Words/Letters : Patterns, shapes, faces, emotions Hearing - Language, sounds : Music Language - Speech, Grammar : Emotional Tone Spatial Ability - .. : Mental Rotation |
| Some Lateral differences are relative and not absolute | Kosslyn Et Al. Two types of spatial relation representations in humans 1. Categorical (Left Hem) 2. Coordinate (Right Hem) |
| Left Handedness |
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