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Biological factors underlying learning and remembering
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- 1Biological factors underlying learning and remembering: Objectives- Describe different types of memory
- Describe the performance of patient H.M.
- Understand how mechanisms of memory indicates plasticity of the neural system
- Provide examples of the link between brain damage and long-term memory - 2Learning and MemoryMemory is defined as a process of storage of information represented in the neural system.
- 3MShort term memory (6-30 seconds, limited capacity)
Long Term Memory (limitless capacity)
Hebbian Doctrine Consolidation (STM--> LTM) - 4Hebbian Doctrine Consolidation1) Experience > Sensory > CNS Pathways
2) STM stored in 'Closed Loop' CNS Circuit
3) LTM Stored in 'Reverberation' CNS leads to structural changes - 5Forms of LearningClassical Conditioning (Pavlov)
Operant Conditoning
Observation - 6The EngramThe 'holy grail' for learning and memory. It is the physical representation of learning and memory in the CNS.
The motivation to find the engram is the belief that it is located in a specific area of the brain.
Lashley, used rats to put this to the test, by moving the stimulent to different areas of the rats brain to analyse whether it affected the rats ability to work its way around the maze. - Result that there was no change - In conclusion memory is located in several areas of the brain. - 7Types of MemoryShort Term Memory
Long Term Memory
Consolidation of Memory - the transference of a STM to a LTM
Working Memory - temporal storage of memory of what is happening in the present - 8Brain DamageAmnesia: memory loss too extensive to have been normal forgetting
Evidence of Brain involvement: Patient H.M. had his hippocampus & surrounding brain tissue removed from both hemisphere to treat severe epilepsy, and lost his memory (both STM and LTM)
Korsakoff’s syndrome: brain damage caused by prolonged thiamine deficiency
Alzheimer's Disease - 9HippocampusDamage causes impairments to the creation of new memories, but does not impair old memories.
- 10how mechanisms of memory indicates plasticity of the neural systemImplications to Neural Plasticity:
Training and Experience
'Headstart' Programs
Impoverished vs Enriched Environments - 11How mechanisms of memory indicates plasticity of the neural systemChanges in structure of the neural system. Increases in:
Number of dendrites; length of dendrites; size of neurones; number of potential connections with other neurones; number of glial cells; number of synapses - 12Link between brain damage and long-term memoryDamage to the medial thalamus and medial hypothalamus
- Anterograde amnesia
- Retrograde amnesia
- Confabulation
- Meager content in conversation
- Lack of insight
- Apathy
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- Biological Psychology Flashcards on Biological factors underlying learning and remembering, created by Hannah Shakeshaft on 07/11/2016.
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- Hannah Shakeshaft
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