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Flashcards

Early Childhood

Jenna Lehmann Child Development 200 English 49 cards

Cards in this deck (49)

  1. 1Piaget Stage age 2-7Preoperational:
    -using symbols
    -pretend play
    -asking a lot of questions
  2. 2Representational SkillsBeing able to represent in your mind what you're talking about rather than needing to hold onto everything
  3. 3Limitations of Preoperational thought-Perception Based Thinking
    -Unidimensional thought/Centration
    -Irreversibility
    -Transductive Reasoning
    -Egocentrism
  4. 4Perception Based ThinkingWhat you see is what you get: rely heavily on the feel, touch, smell, taste, sound, and appearance of things in solving problems
  5. 5Unidimensional Thought-Focus on one aspect of something and ignoring others
    -Ex. Focused on the line of the water in the cups, not the logic of volume
  6. 6IrreversibilityCannot mentally reverse a set of steps
  7. 7Transductive Reasoning-Thinking from one particular to another from the perspective of self
    -Rules are cause and effect
    -"I haven't had my nap, so it isn't afternoon yet."
  8. 8Egocentrism-Failure to distinguish others' views from one's own
    -Lack of spatial perspective taking
    -Egocentric speech
  9. 9Theory of MindOther people have different thoughts, beliefs, experiences, etc. from your own.
    -Awareness of Mental Life
    -Mastery of False Beliefs
  10. 10Awareness of Mental Life (age 2)Understanding that people are thinking and feeling things, but only have a few explanations for why you feel that way. Ex. "Are you sad because you got a boo-boo?"
  11. 11Mastery of False Beliefs (about age 4)Understanding that you know things that other people don't necessarily know and that other people might know things you don't know. Ex. Band Aid box
  12. 12What factors contribute to Theory of Mind?-Language and cognitive skills
    -Make-believe play (imaginary friends for example)
    -Social interaction with others
  13. 13What is Personal Identity?Predictable pattern in how children describe themselves
  14. 14How do children describe themselves?- Focus on concrete characteristics (appearance, abilities); things they can prove to you
    - Tend to be unrealistically positive
  15. 15What is Personal Storytelling?Personal narrative that helps children acquire an enduring sense of themselves
  16. 16What are some ways children show interest in their personal narrative?-They like to look at pictures in books to help differentiate themselves and their world from others.
    -They like to look at older pictures of themselves
  17. 17What's the difference between personal storytelling in western vs eastern cutlures?-Western: self-centered autobiographical memory
    -Eastern: incorporate other people in the autobiographical memory
  18. 18What's the difference between personal storytelling depending on SES?-Higher SES: self-centered
    -Lower SES: incorporate others
  19. 19What is Gender Typing?Process of developing gender roles or gender-linked preferences and behaviors
  20. 20What are the most important factors in Gender Typing?-Labeling their own and others' sexes, which is learned from adults and involves strict schemas
    - Categories of behaviors and activities
  21. 21What does Social Learning Theory say about Gender Identity?-Gender typing behavior leads to gender identity
    -kids understand their own gender identity through imitation and reinforcement for proper gendered behavior
  22. 22What does Cognitive-Developmental Theory have to say about Gender Typing?-Self-perceptions come before behavior
    -Basic sex-role identity (labeling as boy or girl)
    - Sex-role stability (sex role stable over time)
    -Sex-role constancy (sex remains the same no matter the condition)
  23. 23What does Gender Schema Theory have to say about Gender Typing?-combines social and cognitive theories
    -Combination of reinforcement by others but self-interests are also an important determining factor
    -before conceptual knowledge of sex roles, boys and girls behave differently
  24. 24Emotional RegulationAvoid or reducing emotionally charged information by closing their eyes, turning away, or putting hands over their ears
  25. 25Explain how language is used in emotional regulation.-reassure and encourage themselves
    -usually outloud because verbal thought isnt interalized yet
  26. 26Explain how active engagement is used in emotional regulation.-focus attention on something else to control their interest in something they can't have
    -laser-like focus on something else
  27. 27What are the consequences of not being able to regulate emotions as a child?-conflict with peers
    -peer rejection
  28. 28What are the three ways young children learn to self-control?-inhibition of movement
    -inhibition of emotions
    -inhibition of choice (ex. delayed gratification)
  29. 29What are the stages of play?-Solitary
    -Onlooker
    -Parallel
    -Associative
    -Cooperative
  30. 30What is solitary play?When a child plays by themselves
  31. 31What is onlooker play?when the child watches others at play but does not engage in it; the child may ingage in conversation with those children, but not play
  32. 32What is parallel play?A form of play in which children play adjacent to each other, but do not try to influence one another's behavior.
  33. 33What is associateive play?A form of play n which a group of children participate in similar ir identical activities without formal organization, group direction, group interaction, or a definite goal
  34. 34What is cooperative play?A form of play in which children are concerned with solving a problem by working together to achieve a common goal. In cooperative play, everybody wins
  35. 35What are the types of play?-Constructive
    -First Pretend
    -Substitute Pretend
    -Sociodramatic
    -Rule Governed
  36. 36What is Constructive play?When children manipulate their environment to create things; experimenting with materials, building things, play in sand, draw with chalk
  37. 37What is First Pretend play?when children use a toy to represent a real object, such as using a toy spoon or a toy comb as they would a real spoon or comb.
  38. 38What is Substitute Pretend play?Creativity; using an object by pretending it's a different object. Ex. using a banana as a phone
  39. 39What is sociodramatic play?Play involving acting out scripts, scenes, and plays adapted from cartoons or books or so. Children assume roles using themselves and/or like dolls
  40. 40What is Rule Governed play?Creating games that are rule oriented
  41. 41What is aggression?Intention to hurt another person
    -physical
    -relational aggression
  42. 42What sorts of things predict the aggressiveness of a child?-when aggression is rewarded ("victory" or when parents provide positive reinforcement
    - imitation of older role models
  43. 43What is empathy?The sharing of another person's emotions and feelings - is foundational; compassion; altruism
  44. 44What makes a child adopt prosocial behaviors?-Rewarding prosocial behaviors doesn't work long term
    -Explicit modeling works; increases prosocial behavior as long as 2 weeks after
    -induction: by 12, children display higher levels of empathy and prosocial behavior
  45. 45What does stimulation entail when discussing the context of a home environment?-Toys; quality not quantity
    -language; applying it to everyday activities
    -academic stimulation; being there when they work
    -variety; keep things novel and entertaining
  46. 46What does environment entail when discussing the context of a home environment?-Physical; safety
    -Warmth; being emotionally available
    -encouragement of maturity; let them do things on their own, but not too early
    -avoidance of violence; verbal and physical even in media consumption
  47. 47What are some impacts of Daycare?- Intellectual impact = by the time the child is 5, it doesn't matter whether a child was put in daycare or stayed at home
    - Social impact = more social interactions in daycare than at home but there is more exposure to fighting that way; they are somewhat better prepared for a school environment
  48. 48What is the purpose of Preschool?-Educational rather than supervisory
    -Emphasis on exploration
  49. 49What does Head Start do?-Preschool that, depending on the state, also provides food, health and dental care, and intellectual stimulation for the child

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200 Child Development Flashcards on Early Childhood, created by Jenna Lehmann on 07/11/2016.
Created by
Jenna Lehmann
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child developmentpsychologyearly childhood
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