Flashcards
Psychology - Cognitive Development
Cards in this deck (33)
- 1What are the 6 building blocks of Piaget's theory?Assimilation
Accomodation
Equilibrium
Disequilibrium
Operations
Schemas - 2What are the 4 stages of Piaget's theory?Sensorimotor Stage
Pre-Operational Stage
Concrete Operations
Formal Operations - 3Define Object PermanenceThe understanding that if an object cant be seen it still exists
- 4Define AnimismBelieving that Inanimate objects have human frelings
- 5Define EgocentrismThe inability to see the world from other peoples view points
- 6Define conservationThe understanding that if something's shape changes, its quantity doesn't
- 7Define Class InclusionThe ability to understand how groups fit into other groups
- 8Which of Piaget's studies shows a lack of object permanence?The ball and blanket study
- 9Which of Piaget's studies shows egocentrism?The 3 mountain Study
- 10Which of Piaget's studies shows a lack of knowledge on conservation?The Beaker Study
- 11Which of Piaget's studies shows logical thinking?The pendulum task
- 12Which Study argues against what Piaget said about object permanence?Bower and Wishart (1972) - Teddy Bear in the dark
- 13Who argues against what Piaget said about egocentrism?Donaldson - Lack of Human Sense
- 14What is the problem of Piaget using lab studies?There is low ecological Validity
- 15What is the problems with Piaget only using 3 children?The study has low populational Validity
- 16What is the problem with only using people from Switzerland?There is culture bias
- 17What are the problems with Piaget being the observer of his studies?There will have been observer bias as he was using his own children
What he was observing is subjective - 18Which side of the nature-nurture debate does Piaget's theory take?Nature
Piaget says that its all to do with the age of the child and he doesn't consider the environment - 19What are the 3 parts of Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development?Social interaction, context and culture
Language
ZPD and Scaffolding - 20Describe Social Interaction Context and CultureThe ability to think and reason was the outcome of a fundamentally socially process in which cognitive skills develop as the child interacted with other people
- 21Describe Language as part of Vygotsky's theory of cognitive developmentVygotsky believed that children were born with elementary mental functions or complex thinking skills. The transition from simple to complex thinking was made possible by language.
There are 2 kinds of speech: Social speech, Talking to others, and intelectual Speech, the voice in your head. - 22Describe ZPD and Scaffolding as part of Vygotsky's theory of cognitive developmentThe Zone of proximal development is the distance between a childs current developmental level, measured by tasks they could achieve on their own, and their ability when helped by a more knowledgeable other.
Scaffolding is the support that is provided - 23What study supports social interaction, context and cultureNunes - Brazilian street children (1992)
- 24Outline the procedure Wood and Middleton's support for scaffoldingTwelve mothers were asked to teach their own four year old children how to put tofether a wooden jigsaw puzzle/tower so that they could do it on their own. The mother-child teaching sessions were recorded on video and the tapes were then analysed. The types of support offered by the mothers were coded and categorised by researches into different kinds of help. Wood and Middleton identified five types of scaffolding which differed in the degree of help offered. These are:
General suggestions - (Now you make something)
Indicating materials - (You need to start with that one)
Specific verbal instructions - (Get four blue blocks)
Preparing for assembly - (Turn it this way round)
Physical Demonstrations - (The wooden peg fits in the small hole) - 25Outline the findings for Wood and Middleton's support for scaffoldingWood and Middleton found that the most successful 'mothers as teachers' were those who adjusted the help they offered subtly, depending on the childs actions. These mothers would offer more direct help, moving 'up' a level when their child appeared to be managing on their own
- 26Outline the findings of Nune's Brazilian street children studyDespite having no formal schooling, children who have jobs as street vendorshave very well-developed mathmatical skills, which they internaliaed through working alongside adults amd older children from an early age.
- 27Outline culture bias in Vygotsky's researchHis theory includes culture as an influence on the cognitive development of a child and acknowledges how other cultures are different. This means his study does not have culture bias.
- 28Define Violation of expectationA research method that uses the tendency for infants to look for longer at things that are not expected to test their knowledge of the properties of an object
- 29What is the core knowledge theory?The core knowledge theory believes that humans have an innate, basic understanding of physical objects and the relationship between them
- 30How did Biallargeon's research contradict Piaget's research?Piaget suggested that object permanence developed at 9 months whereas Baillargeon suggested it was 3 or 4 months
- 31What are the 2 possibilties for the acquisition of core knowledge theory that baillargeon suggested?Innate fast learning and Innate object knowledge
- 32Outline the procedure or Baillargeon & DeVos' rolling carrot task studyBaillargeon and DeVos got three-and-a-half-month-old infants to watch a scenario of either a tall or a short carrot sliding along a track, with the centre of the track hidden by a screen that had a large window in its upper half. The short carrot did not appear in the window when passing through the screen, which was to be expected, as it was not tall enough, but the tall carrot also did not appear in the window even though it was clearly tall enough to do so.
- 33Outline the findings of Baillargeon & DeVos' rolling carrot task studyIt was found that the infants looked longer at the tall carrot rather than the short carrot scenario, which suggests they were able to asses the existence, height and pathway of the carrots when behind the screen and so
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- A2 Psychology Flashcards on Psychology - Cognitive Development, created by Liam Duggan on 24/11/2016.
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- Liam Duggan
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