Flashcards
Loftus and Palmer
Cards in this deck (13)
- 1What was the aim of Loftus and Palmer's study?To see the effect of leading questions on a memory of an event.
- 2In Loftus and Palmer's first Experiment, who were the participants?45 Student participants.
- 3What was the procedure of Loftus and Palmer's first experiment?Participants were shown 7 clips of traffic accidents taken from Road Safety films, 5-30 seconds long. After, participants were given a questionnaire which first asked to 'give an account of the accident you have just seen', followed by a series of questions.
- 4What was the independent variable in Loftus and Palmer's first experiment?Participant's were asked a 'critical question', 'About how fast were the cars going when they .... into each other?' Participants were divided into 5 groups of 9 and each was given a different verb in the question; Smashed, Collided, Bumped, Hit, and Contacted.
- 5What were the average ratings of speed for each condition in Loftus and Palmer's first experiment?Smashed - 40.8 mph
Collided - 39.3 mph
Bumped - 38.1 mph
Hit - 34.0 mph
Contacted - 31.8 mph - 6What finding supports the idea that the experimental groups, in Loftus and Palmer's first experiment, were not very good at estimating speed?One of the clips showed a car travelling at 20 mph and the average speed estimate of its speed was 37.7 mph.
- 7What were the two conclusions that Loftus and Palmer reached in the first experiment?The results were due to bias factors - participants consciously biases their response in the direction of the verb, giving the answer they think the researcher wants.
The question causes a distortion of the memory representation of the accident. - 8Why did Loftus and Palmer conduct a second experiment?To determine whether an actual distortion of memory took place or whether participants were simply responding to demand characteristics.
- 9Who were the participants in Loftus and Palmer's second experiment?150 student participants.
- 10Describe the procedure of Loftus and Palmer's second experiment.Participants saw a 1 minute film that contained a 4 second scene of a multiple car accident and then where given a questionnaire which first asked them to 'give an account of the accident' followed by a series of questions. A week later subjects were asked 10 questions and another critical question, 'Did you see any broken glass?'. They did not get to watch the video again.
- 11What was the independent variable of Loftus and Palmer's second experiment?The students were divided into 3 groups of 50 and each was asked a different critical question (same as experiment 1).
Group 1 - The verb hit was used.
Group 2 - The verb smashed was used.
Group 3 - Subjects were not asked about the speed of the vehicles. - 12What were the findings for Loftus and Palmer's second experiment?In the smashed condition 16 participants said 'yes' to seeing broken glass, in the hit condition 7 said yes, and in the control group 6 said yes.
- 13What conclusion did Loftus and Palmer make after their second experiment?There are two types of information which make up memory of a complex event. The participant sees the film and forms some representation of it in their memory. The experimenter then supplies further information in the form of the question asked.These two pieces of information become integrated and the participant is left with a memory of the accident that is more severe than it was.
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- Flashcards on Cognitive Psychology, created by nasifali100 on 26/01/2017.
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- Created by Beckie Vautier · Apr 2, 2016
- Copied by nasifali100 · Jan 26, 2017
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