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Flashcards

Fish anatomy JT

Rachael Jones 2. Exotics ASH2 English 102 cards

Cards in this deck (102)

  1. 1How many species of fish are there?20-30000 species
  2. 2What is the range in size of fish?<1cm to ~16m
  3. 3What are the habitats of fish and what does this affect?Wide range of water habitats and affects the osmoregulation
  4. 4What type of animal are animals and how does this affect their temperature regulation?Ectothermic and therefore can only keep their body temperature within 1 or 2 degrees of ambient water temperature
  5. 5What happens to the metabolic heat that is created?It is lost through the efficient gill system that extracts oxygen from water due to the blood flow
  6. 6Where does fertilisation normally occur?Externally
  7. 7What is the classification of the rainbow trout?Class: Osteichthyes - have jaws, skeletons of bone
    Sub-class: Actinopterygii - membranous fins strengthened by bony rays
    Infra-class: Teleostei - no ganione in scales, upper jaw attached to skull at snout
    Order: Salmoniformes - salmon, trout, pike
    Family: Salmonid
  8. 8Why are rainbow trout extensively farmed?Sport and food
  9. 9How many gills do rainbow fish have in total?8
  10. 10How many true chambers of the fish heart are there?2
  11. 11How many classes of fish are there?3
  12. 12What is the overall shape of the rainbow trout?Fusiform shape - spindle shape - stream line
  13. 13Are rainbow fish laterally compressed or dorsally compressed?Laterally
  14. 14What are found on the lateral line of rainbow trout?Consist of pits which make up a canal that contains neuromast cells which can detect movement and vibration
  15. 15What is the cranial dorsal fin for?Stabiliser, prevents rolling and used for stopping and starting
    - Largest of the fins
  16. 16What is another name for the caudal dorsal fin and why?Adipose fin and is a fleshy structure
    - absent from many fish
  17. 17In the rainbow fish, what shape is the caudal (tail) fin?Homo-circle shape and symmetrical and helps propel the fish
    - different shapes in different species
  18. 18What fins are equivalent to the fore and hind limbs?Fore - Pectoral fin (paired)
    Hind - Pelvic fin (paired)
  19. 19What are the pectoral and pelvic fins for?Turning, braking and balance
  20. 20What is the anal fin for?Stabiliser
  21. 21Which opening is most caudal?Urogenital aperture
    (Anus (vent) is cranial to it)
  22. 22What is the operculum?A flap of skin that is supported by bones that is over the gills
  23. 23What is the caudal edge of the operculum the boundary for?Between the head and trunk
  24. 24What is the edge of the operculum supported by?Bones - branchiostegal membrane/rays
  25. 25Where is the maxilla of the rainbow trout fixed?Only rostrally and so can be picked up caudally
  26. 26What is another name for the olfactory pit?External nares
  27. 27What is the olfactory pit?A U shaped tube that is used for olfactory purposes as it has a whole at either end. Rich with vascular epithelium
  28. 28What is different about the eyes of rainbow trout?1. They are large because they visually feed
    2. No eyelids
    3. Cornea covered by a transparent integument for protection
  29. 29What is the outermost layer of a fish integument?A mucous (cuticle or slime) layer
  30. 30What are the functions of the cuticle?1. Protective as slimey feel so difficult to catch
    2. Reduced friction for swimming
    3. Slows down water transfer so allows osmoregulation
    4. Contains Igs
  31. 31What is the epidermis for?Cells retain capacity for cell division and are mucous secreting cells that produce the outer cuticle
  32. 32What epithelium is found in the epidermis?Thin, stratified squamous
  33. 33What are the 2 layers of the dermis?Stratum spongiosum
    Stratum compactum
  34. 34What is the stratum spongiosum for?Contains chromatophores (pigment cells below or close to the scales) and scales
  35. 35What is the inner stratum compactum?Firm connective tissue that attaches to the hypodermis and then underlying muscle
  36. 36What are scales?Calcified plates originating in the dermis and covered by the epidermis. Overlap cranial to caudal and act as a protective flexible armour to the fish
  37. 37What is different about the skull of a fish?Complex and made of many small bones
  38. 38What feature is found of upper jaw bones in the rainbow trout?Mobile
  39. 39What is cranial kinesis?Movement in the skull
  40. 40Where are teeth found in fish?Gums, tongue, buccal cavity, pharynx
  41. 41What do the teeth of fish give information about?The eating habits
  42. 42Where are the bones of the operculum attached to?Caudal aspect of teh craniuma dn sits over teh gills
  43. 43What bones support the gills?Branchial arches
  44. 44What are the features of the branchial arches?V shaped rods of bone and there are 4 per side.
    These attach ventrally and dorsally but also to the bones of the opposite side to make up the bones of the pharynx
  45. 45What is the musculature like in the head and fin?Complex
  46. 46Where is the bulk of the muscle?Trunk and tail
  47. 47What is the muscle arranged into?Myomeres
  48. 48What separates the zigzag blocks of muscle?Myosepta
  49. 49What does coordinated contraction cause in the movement of a fish?Undulations - lateral movement for propulsion
  50. 50What types of muscle fibres are found and where is fish muscle?Red - laterally
    White - dorsal and ventral
  51. 51What is the muscle of the tail and trunk split up into and by what?4 quadrants
    Horizontal septum
    Medial septum
  52. 52What are the red muscle fibres for?Slow fibres - maintain position in a current and for slow movement
  53. 53What are the white muscle fibres for?Speed and acceleration
  54. 54What is a good injection site in fish and why?Laterally, near the red muscle fibres due to having a good blood supply and therefore the drug will be more equally distributed
  55. 55What are found on the myomere and allows for smoother movement?Cranial and caudal extensions that interlink with the myomere infront and behind
  56. 56What are the 2 coelomic cavities in fish?1. Pericardial coelom
    2. Peritoneal coelem
  57. 57What is found in the pericardial coelom?Heart and lined with pericardium
  58. 58What happens to the peritoneal coelom caudally?Sinks and reduces in size causing the hypaxial muscle block to decrease in size
  59. 59What is the efficiency of the gill system at removing oxygen from water?80% efficient
  60. 60What are the gill rakers for?Teeth like structures found on the cranial aspect of the gill arch that sieve out any particles in the water to prevent it going into the gill system
  61. 61What is another name for the gill rays?Gill filaments
  62. 62How does the gill system work?- Mouth opens and water into buccal cavity and pharynx
    - Close mouth
    - Water pushed out through gills and operculum
  63. 63What the rays covered in?Epithelium - primary lamellae
  64. 64What is found off the primary lamellae?Secondary lamellae
  65. 65What are the primary and secondary lamellae for?Increase surface area
  66. 66What is found running through the primary lamellae?Capillary network - short diffusion distance and hence an efficient system
  67. 67What does having a counter current flow/exchange of oxygen from water allow?Efficient transfer and so blood will always meet water with a higher oxygen concentration than itself so allowing oxygen transfer from water to blood
  68. 68Why is it good that a fish has a simple circulation system?Low pressure and so doesn't damage the tissue in the gills
  69. 69What are the 2 main chambers of the fish heart?Atrium - thin walled
    Ventricle - thick walled
  70. 70Where do all the major veins drain into in the heart?Sinus venosus
  71. 71What is the bulbus arteriosus and what is the function?Another compartment of the heart made from lots of connective tissue - function is to reduce the pressure of the blood to the gills
  72. 72What is the flow of blood through the heart?1. Oxygen poo blood enters heart from body at sinus venosus
    2. Atrium
    3. Ventricle
    4. Oxygen poor blood leaves heart and goes to the gills to be oxygenated
  73. 73What is the arterial system through the gills?1. Ventral aorta
    2. Afferent branchial artery (4 branches on each side)
    3. Efferent branchial arteries after gills
    4. branches 1&2 supply brain
    5. branches 3&4 supply dorsal aorta and the segmental branches
  74. 74What is the only branch off the dorsal aorta to supply viscera?Coeliacomesenteric artery
  75. 75What do the segmental branches supply?Muscles
  76. 76What is present in the venous system?Renal portal system (in addition to hepatic portal system) meaning that need to inject drug caudal to the kidney
  77. 77What is the digestive system of fish?Head - mouth, buccal cavity & pharynx
    Trunk - GIT (oesophagus, stomach, intestine and rectum)
    - Accessory organs (liver, gall bladder and pancreas)
  78. 78Is it easier to define where the oesophagus and stomach finish and start?No
  79. 79What shaped stomach does the rainbow fish have?J
  80. 80What is found on the ascending intestine and what is the function?40-60 Intestinal caeca - to increase the surface area for digestion and caudally directed so closer to the stomach
  81. 81What are found on the rectum?Annular folds
  82. 82Does the liver have any lobes?No
  83. 83Where is the pancreas diffusely found?Intestinal caeca
  84. 84What shape is the intestines of a rainbow trout?U
  85. 85How can the spleen be found?Either whole or in 2-3 pieces
  86. 86What is the function of the gas (swim) bladder?Buoyancy (hearing, sound production)
  87. 87How does the swim bladder work?Stores gas and can change the levels depending on the depth of the fish
  88. 88What is is called when the gas bladder is connected to the oesophagus?Physostomous
  89. 89How does physostomous work?Let gas out by burping through the oesophagus
    Take gas in by breathing air
  90. 90What is it called when the gas level in the swim bladder is controlled by the capillary network surrounding it?Physoclistous
  91. 91What are the features of the swim bladder?Transparent
    Makes up 7% of volume
  92. 92What happens to the kidneys after development?Fuse
  93. 93Where are the kidneys located?Dorsal to the swim bladder
  94. 94What are the functions of the kidneys?Excretory, endocrine and haematopoietic functions
  95. 95How does urine drain from fish?Into ureters, into UG sinus, UG aperture (caudal to anus)
  96. 96Apart from the ureters, what other structure connects to the UG sinus?Gonads
    (oviduct or testicular duct)
  97. 97Where do the gonads lie?Elongated, alongside the kidneys
  98. 98What happens to the sperm (milt) or ova?Passed into duct system, UG sinus/aperature to outside
  99. 99Where does fertilisation occur?Outside the body
  100. 100What is soft roe?Sperm and is white
  101. 101What is hard roe?The eggs from the female fish - usually orange
  102. 102Why are we as vets likely to treat fish?Skin problems - bacterial or fungal

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2. Exotics ASH2 (Fish) Flashcards on Fish anatomy JT, created by Rachael Jones on 13/03/2017.
Created by
Rachael Jones · Mar 2017
Updated
Feb 3, 2018
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