Flashcards
Chapter 7 - Memory Encoding and Retrieval
Cards in this deck (22)
- 1Three-Stage Framework of Memory Processes1.Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval - 2EncodingProcess of information acquisition
- 3StorageProcess of successful formation of memory trace (or representation)
- 4RetrievalProcess of accessing information in memory
- 5Factors that Effect EncodingFactors that effect _____
-attention
-repetition
-rehearsal - 6Attention (factor effecting encoding)Gateway to conscious encoding, critical to encoding (not attending = not encoding)
- 7Repetition (factor effecting encoding)The more a piece of information is encountered the easier it is to remember. Massed vs Distributed
- 8Massed RepetitionRepeated presentations of information close in time
- 9Distributed RepetitionRepeated presentations of information spread out in time
- 10Spacing EffectRefers to benefit of distributed over mass repetition
- 11Deficient-Processing ViewLess attention paid to information after first presentation (massed repetition). Results in only one encoded representation vs many
- 12Encoding Variability ViewMemory representations after repeated distributed rehearsal are distinct from each other and there is variability in how repeated events are encoding. Leads to better retention
- 13RehearsalRefers to how stimuli are thought about internally. Maintenance vs Elaborative
- 14Maintenance RehearsalMaintaining information in consciousness. Small benefit in recognition tasks, more rehearsal = somewhat better recognition
- 15Elaborative RehearsalThinking about meaning of information to be remembered and making associations to info already in memory
- 16Levels of Processing ApproachMemory depends on how information is encoded. The deeper the info is processed the greater likelihood it will be remembered. Shallow, medium, deep.
- 17Transfer Appropriate ProcessingProposed to account for somewhat vagueness of levels of processing approach.
Focuses on what is required at retrieval. Encoding process must transfer to retrieval or you will not remember info no matter how it is encoded - 182 conditions of Transfer Appropriate Processing1. Deep Processing (semantic) ex. judge if word fits into sentence
2. Shallow Processing (phonological) ex. do these words rhyme? - 19Strategic OrganizationImpose structure of information during encoding/retrieval.
- 20Stimulus OrganizationPre-imposed structure of organizing information
- 21Self-Reference EffectRelated to levels of processing, encoding condition "deeper than deep".
Relating information to "self" improves memory performance - 22Encoding Specificity PrincipleSuccessful retrieval depends on amount of overlap between what is happening at retrieval and what happened at encoding. Memory retrieval aided by cue to extent that cue helps reconstruct encoding situation.
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- 1000 Psychology Flashcards on Chapter 7 - Memory Encoding and Retrieval , created by Eric Olsen on 14/03/2017.
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