Flashcards
Researchers and experiments
Cards in this deck (4)
- 1MEMORY: JOSEPH JACOBS (1887)EXPERIMENT: digit span which is series of numbers that increase with one digit each time. Participants must speak the first sequence of numbers and then try to recall it accurately. They repeat this with each of the sequences, and where they can no longer accurately recall, they have reached their short-term capacity limit.
FINDINGS: The average capacity was 9.3 number items, or 7.3 letter items. It was easier for participants to recall number rather than letters because there is a bigger number of letters than digits so options were smaller. - 2MEMORY: LLOYD PETERSON AND MARGARET PETERSON (1959)EXPERIMENT: Lloyd and Margaret Peterson (1959) gave 24 student participants three consonant letters, followed by a three-digit number. They had to count back from their number for either a 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 second retention interval and attempt to recall their three consonant letters.
FINDINGS: Peterson and Peterson found that after a 3 second retention interval, participants were 90% accurate. After 9 seconds, the accuracy decreased to 20%, and finally, after 18 seconds, accuracy was only at 2%. This suggests that, with the prevention of verbal rehearsal, STM has a very limited duration. - 3MEMORY: HARRY BAHRICK ET AL (1975)EXPERIMENT: Harry Bahrick et al (1975) 400 participants ageing from 17-74 on memory of classmates. Each participant was shown 50 images, some from their high-school yearbook, as well as being asked to recall as many names of people in their graduating class as they could.
FINDINGS: Bahrick found that those who graduated within 15 years recognises roughly 90% of the faces and could recall 60% of names. Those who graduated 48 years ago only recognised 70% of the photos and could recall 30% of names. - 4MEMORY ALAN BADDELEY (1966)Alan Baddeley (1966) found that acoustically similar words are easier to remember in the short term, but not the long term. These are words the rhyme, have the same amount of syllabus, start with the same letter and so on: cab, can cat, mat, mad. This is called acoustic coding.
Baddeley found the semantically similar words are easier to remember in the long term, but not the short term. These are words that have the same meaning: big, large, huge, long, tall. This is called semantic coding.
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- A level Psychology (RESEARCHERS AND EXPERIEMENTS) Flashcards on Researchers and experiments, created by Molly Whatmore on 20/03/2017.
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- Molly Whatmore
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