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Multi-store model of memory flashcards
Cards in this deck (30)
- 1In what 3 ways do each store differ from each other?Capacity - how much info can be held
Coding - how info is processed into something that can be stored
Duration - how long the info can be stored for - 2Capacity of sensory register Research : Sperling (1960)Ppts presented with a 3x4 letter grid for 1/20th second
- 3Capacity of sensory register Sperling - FindingsWhen a high, medium or low pitched tone was produced to indicate which row was to be recalled, ppts scored 3/4
- 4Capacity of sensory register Sperling - ConclusionSince ppt didn't know which row they had to recall, the info had to be available somewhere
This has suggested that the capacity of the sensory register is unlimited - 5Capacity of STM Research : Jacobs (1887)Devised the serial digit span technique
- 6Capacity of STM Jacobs - FindingsJacobs found the capacity of STM was between 5 and 9 items
- 7Capacity of STM Further support - Miller (1956)Miller reviewed studies looking at capacity + found that STM has a capacity of 7+-2
- 8Capacity of LTMThe capacity of LTM is potentially unlimited
- 9Multi-store model Atkinson + Shiffrin (1968)Info transferred through 3 separate, unitary stores
-sensory register -STM -LTM
It is a structural model of memory
Info passes from store to store in a linear way - 10Draw the multi-store model of memorySENSORY REGISTER --> attention
STM --> <-- rehearsal
STM --> rehearsal <-- retrieval
LTM - 11Duration of sensory register Research : Peterson + Peterson (1959)Duration of the sensory register is 250 milliseconds
- 12Duration of sensory register Peterson x2 - ProcedurePpts shown a consonant trigram
Rehearsal prevented by counting backwards in 3's
After intervals of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, or 18 seconds, ppts were asked to stop counting + to repeat the trigram
% correctly recalled was recorded - 13Duration of sensory register Peterson x2 - FindingsAfter 18 seconds the % recalled correctly was very low, showing that the memory for the trigram had decayed
Therefore concluding that duration of STM is between 18 + 30 seconds - 14Duration of LTM Research : Bahrick et al (1975) ProcedureShowed 400 ppts aged 17-74 years a set of photos + a list of names (some were old school friends)
Ppts were asked to identify their old school friends in the photos - 15Duration of LTM Bahrick et al - FindingsThose that had left high school 48 years previously recalled 80% of names + 70% of faces
This suggests that the duration of LTM is potentially forever - 16Coding in sensory registerCoding is modality specific
There are separate sensory stores for different sensory inputs
Echoic = Sound
Iconic = Sight
Gustatory = Taste
Olfactory = Smell
Haptic = Touch - 17Coding in STM Research : Baddeley (1966) Procedure75 ppts presented with 1 of 4 word lists
Acoustically similar/dissimilar
Semantically similar/dissimilar
Ppts then given list in wrong + asked to order the list
This occurred either straight away or after a 20 minute interval - 18Coding in STM Baddeley - FindingsBaddeley found that there was acoustic confusion with words that sounded the same
STM codes acoustically - 19Coding in LTM Research : Baddeley (1966) Procedure75 ppts presented with 1 of 4 word lists
Acoustically similar/dissimilar
Semantically similar/dissimilar
Ppts then given list in wrong order + asked to reorder the list
This occurred either straight away or after a 20 minute interval - 20Coding in LTM Baddeley - FindingsBaddeley found that there was semantic confusion with words that meant the same
LTM codes semantically - 21Evaluation of the multi-store model Weakness 1.1. There are different forms of rehearsal
Craik + Lockhart (1972) showed that depth of learning leads to LTM rather than simple repetition e.g. what you do with the material is more important - 22Evaluation of the multi-store model Weakness 2.2. Some things are easily more recalled even without rehearsal (FLASHBULB MEMORIES) + the multi-store model doesn't account for this
- 23Evaluation of the multi-store model Weakness 3.3. The stores are not unitary
Evidence shows there are different types of LTM (procedural, episodic, semantic) - 24Type of LTM EpisodicMemory for Events
Info is stored with reference to time + place
Info is available for conscious inspection - 25Type of LTM SemanticMemory for facts/general knowledge/rules of language
Info is available for conscious inspection - 26Type of LTM ProceduralMemory for motor skills/actions
Referred to as action or skills-based memory
Info is not available for conscious inspection - 27Different types of LTM . . .Evidence from brain scan studies also show that different types of LTM are stored in different parts of the brain
Episodic + semantic memories are stored in the prefrontal cortex (Semantic = left, Episodic = right)
Procedural involves the cerebellum + basal ganglia - 28Evaluation of the multi-store model Weakness 4.4. Case of Clive Wearing
C.W lost all of his episodic + most of his semantic memory but not procedural memory, providing evidence for the different types of LTM - 29Evaluation of the multi-store model Strength 1.1. Evidence to support the model from brain scans
Brain scans e.g. fMRI scans, have been shown that different areas of the brain are active when doing memory tasks
STM = prefrontal cortex
LTM = hippocampus
Different areas of activity provides physical evidence for the separate stores - 30Evaluation of the multi-store model Strength 2.2. Case studies of amnesiacs H.M
H.M had his hippocampus removed and is no longer able to form new LTM, however, his STM - as measured by the serial digit span technique - appeared to be unaffected
H.M shows that STM + LTM must be separate stores otherwise STM would have been damaged as well
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- AS level Psychology Flashcards on Multi-store model of memory flashcards, created by jemma bridgwood on 23/03/2017.
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- jemma bridgwood · Mar 2017
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- Mar 23, 2017
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