Flashcards
MEMORY KEY TERMS
Cards in this deck (26)
- 1CODINGTHE FORMAT IN WHICH INFORMATION IS STORED IN THE VARIOUS MEMORY STORES.
- 2CAPACITYTHE AMOUNT OF INFORMATION THAT CAN BE HELD IN A CERTAIN MEMORY STORE.
- 3DURATIONTHE LENGTH OF TIME INFORMATION CAN BE HELD IN MEMORY.
- 4SHORT-TERM MEMORYTHE LIMITED-CAPACITY STORE WHERE CODING IS MAINLY ACOUSTIC, CAPACITY IS 5-9 ITEMS AND DURATION IS ABOUT 18-30 SECONDS.
- 5LONG-TERM MEMORYTHE PERMANENT MEMORY STORE WHERE CODING IS MAINLY SEMANTIC, CAPACITY IS UNLIMITED AND DURATION IS POTENTIALLY INFINITE.
- 6MULTI-STORE MODELA REPRESENTATION OF HOW MEMORY WORKS IN TERMS OF THREE STORES - SENSORY REGISTER, STM AND LTM AND DESCRIBES HOW INFORMATION IS TRANSFERRED FROM ONE STORE TO ANOTHER, HOW IT IS REMEMBERED AND HOW IT IS FORGOTTEN.
- 7SENSORY REGISTERTHE MEMORY STORES FOR EACH OF OUR 5 SENSES WHERE CODING CORRESPONDS TO THE SENSE - CAPACITY IS HUGE AND DURATION IS LESS THAN HALF A SECOND.
- 8EPISODIC MEMORYA LONG-TERM MEMORY STORE FOR PERSONAL EVENTS - INCLUDES MEMORIES OF WHEN THE EVENTS OCCURRED AND OF THE PEOPLE, OBJECTS, PLACES AND BEHAVIOURS INVOLVED - MEMORIES FROM HERE HAVE TO BE RETRIEVED CONSCIOUSLY AND WITH EFFORT.
- 9SEMANTIC MEMORYA LONG-TERM MEMORY STORE FOR OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD - INCLUDING FACTS AND CONCEPTS - MEMORIES USUALLY NEED TO BE RECALLED DELIBERATELY.
- 10PROCEDURAL MEMORYA LONG-TERM MEMORY STORE FOR OUR KNOWLEDGE OF HOW TO DO THINGS INCLUDING OUR MEMORIES OF LEARNED SKILLS - USUALLY RECALLED WITH NO CONSCIOUS DELIBERATE OR CONSCIOUS EFFORT.
- 11WORKING MEMORY MODELA REPRESENTATION OF STM WHICH SUGGESTS THAT IT IS A DYNAMIC PROCESSOR OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF INFORMATION USING SUB-UNITS COORDINATED BY A CENTRAL DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM.
- 12CENTRAL EXECUTIVETHE COMPONENT OF THE WMM THAT COORDINATES THE ACTIVITIES OF THE THREE SLAVE SYSTEMS AND ALLOCATES PROCESSING RESOURCES TO THOSE ACTIVITIES.
- 13PHONOLOGICAL LOOPTHE COMPONENT OF THE WMM THAT PROCESSES INFORMATION IN TERMS OF SOUND - INCLUDES BOTH WRITTEN AND SPOKEN MATERIAL.
DIVIDED INTO PHONOLOGICAL STORE AND ARTICULATORY PROCESS. - 14VISUO-SPATIAL SKETCHPADTHE COMPONENT OF THE WMM THAT PROCESSES VISUAL AND SPATIAL INFORMATION IN A MENTAL SPACE.
AKA INNER EYE. - 15EPISODIC BUFFERTHE COMPONENT OF THE WMM THAT BRINGS TOGETHER MATERIAL FROM OTHER SUBSYSTEMS INTO A SINGLE MEMORY AND ALSO PROVIDES A BRIDGE BETWEEN WORKING MEMORY (STM) AND LTM.
- 16INTERFERENCEFORGETTING BECAUSE ONE MEMORY BLOCKS ANOTHER, CAUSING ONE OR BOTH MEMORIES TO BE DISTORTED OR FORGOTTEN AND THE DEGREE OF FORGETTING IS GREATER WHEN THE MEMORIES ARE SIMILAR.
- 17PROACTIVE INTERFERENCEFORGETTING OCCURS WHEN OLDER MEMORIES DISRUPT THE RECALL OF NEWER MEMORIES.
- 18RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCEFORGETTING OCCURS WHEN NEWER MEMORIES DISRUPT THE RECALL OF OLDER MEMORIES ALREADY STORED.
- 19RETRIEVAL FAILUREA FORM OF FORGETTING - WHEN WE DON'T HAVE THE NECESSARY CUES TO ACCESS A MEMORY; THE MEMORY IS AVAILABLE BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE.
- 20CUEA 'TRIGGER' OF INFORMATION THAT ALLOWS US ACCESS TO A MEMORY - MAY BE MEANINGFUL OR MAY BE INDIRECTLY LINKED THROUGH BEING ENCODED AT THE TIME OF LEARNING - CAN BE EXTERNAL (CONTEXT) OR INTERNAL (STATE).
- 21EYEWITNESS TESTIMONYTHE ABILITY OF PEOPLE TO REMEMBER THE DETAILS OF EVENTS WHICH THEY THEMSELVES HAVE OBSERVED.
- 22MISLEADING INFORMATIONINCORRECT INFORMATION GIVEN TO THE EYEWITNESS USUALLY AFTER THE EVENT - LEADING QUESTIONS AND POST-EVENT DISCUSSION.
- 23LEADING QUESTIONA QUESTION WHICH SUGGESTS A CERTAIN ANSWER THROUGH ITS WORDING.
- 24POST-EVENT DISCUSSIONOCCURS WHEN THERE IS MORE THAN ONE WITNESS TO AN EVENT - WITNESSES MAY DISCUSS WHAT THEY HAVE SEEN WITH CO-WITNESSES AND THIS MAY INFLUENCE THE ACCURACY OF EACH WITNESSES' RECALL OF THE EVENT.
- 25ANXIETYA STATE OF EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL AROUSAL WHICH IS A NORMAL REACTION TO A STRESSFUL SITUATION BUT CAN AFFECT THE ACCURACY OF EWT.
- 26COGNITIVE INTERVIEWA METHOD OF INTERVIEWING EYEWITNESSES TO HELP THEM RETRIEVE MORE ACCURATE MEMORIES WHICH USES FOUR MAIN TECHNIQUES BASED ON PSYCHOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN MEMORY - REPORT EVERYTHING, REINSTATE THE CONTEXT, REVERSE THE ORDER AND CHANGE PERSPECTIVE.
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- A level Psychology (Memory P1) Flashcards on MEMORY KEY TERMS, created by Jasmine Howe on 15/04/2017.
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- Jasmine Howe
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