GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

GCSE Cold War Revision

Gabriel brookes History GCSE English 68 cards

Cards in this deck (68)

  1. 1What year did Stalin die?1953
  2. 2What was the date of the Hiroshima bombing6th August 1945
  3. 3What was the date of the Nagasaki bombing?9th August 1945
  4. 4What year was the Hungarian Rising?1956
  5. 5How many tanks did the USSR send into Hungary?1000 Tanks were sent into Hungary
  6. 6What's the Communist ideology?The ideology of the people - everyone was equal, business was owned by government, no freedom of speech, censorship and the country was run by a dictatorship
  7. 7What's the Capitalist ideology?The ideology of the individual - people can be rich, have freedom of speech and choose their country's leader
  8. 8When was the Yalta meeting?During WW2 - February 1945
  9. 9Who attended the Yalta meeting?Britain (Winston Churchill), USA (Franklin Roosevelt) and USSR (Stalin)
  10. 10What was agreed on during the Yalta meeting?Germany would be split into 4 zones
    Free elections in Poland and Eastern Europe
    USSR would help USA fight Japan
    Germany would pay a sum of reparations for the damage done during WW2
  11. 11When was the Potsdam Meeting?Post WW2 - July 1945
  12. 12What happened during the Potsdam Meeting?Disagreements over the boundaries of the 4 zones Germany was going to be split into.
    Stalin arrested non-communist leaders of Poland which made Truman angry
    USSR was helping communism become powerful in Eastern Europe by not letting free elections happen
    Truman dropped the atomic bomb on Japan (Nagasaki and Hiroshima) and Stalin felt betrayed and tricked
  13. 13How many people were killed in Hiroshima and Nagasaki respectively?Hiroshima - 140,000
    Nagasaki - 80,000
  14. 14Why was Stalin bothered by the dropping of the atomic bomb?Stalin was told about the testing of the bomb but not that it was actually going to be used.
  15. 15Who came up with the term "Iron Curtain"Winston Churchill
  16. 16What was the Iron Curtain (AKA The Buffer Zone)It was the USSR's expansion into Easter Europe, and a buffer zone was created to "protect" the USSR from capitalism.
    In Yalta, it was decided that all countries previously under Nazi rule would be entitled to free elections, however this didn't happen.
    Albania, Romania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and East Germany were a part of the Iron Curtain
  17. 17What happened in Czechoslovakia 1948After Nazis left, Czechoslovakia had free elections in 1946 - Benes became leader of a coalition, but in 1948 America stopped funding Czechoslovakia and communists took over
    Benes then resigned, and the foreign minister Masaryk died under suspicious circumstances
    Czechoslovakia was now under communist control and they had no free elections
  18. 18What was the Truman Doctrine?President Truman (Of USA) wanted to stop the spread of communism by CONTAINING communism.
    So in 1947, USA gave money to Turkey and Greece ($400 million in total)
    Greece was in a civil war and Turkey was a strategic significant country that may have been taken over by USSR
  19. 19What was the Marshall Plan?The "other half" of the Truman Doctrine - George Marshall went into Europe and saw how poor it was after the second world - meaning they were vulnerable to turning communist.
    Because of this, he believed that countries needed American money to rebuild themselves
  20. 20How much money was given out with the Marshall Plan?$17 billion in aid
  21. 21What did the USSR see the Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine as?USSR saw it as bribery (dollar imperialism)
  22. 22When were the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan introduced respectively?The Truman Doctrine was introduced in 1947 and the Marshall Plan was introduced in 1948
  23. 23When was Cominform introduced?In September 1947
  24. 24What was Cominform?Cominform was Stalin's response to the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. Its purpose was to 'defend' communist countries from America. Cominform increased Stalin's control on Eastern European countries as the all had to report to Stalin.
  25. 25When was Comecon introduced?September 1947 - alongside Cominform
  26. 26What was Comecon?Comecon was Stalin's response to Marshall Aid (when countries received money from America) and it gave some money to Eastern European countries, but made sure that the countries traded with each other.
  27. 27What happened in Yugoslavia?President Tito accepted Marshall Aid even though Yugoslavia was a member of Cominform. Stalin didn't like how independent Tito had become, and because of this Stalin expelled him from Cominform
  28. 28What does NATO mean?Northern Atlantic Treaty Organisation
  29. 29What was NATO?NATO was a treaty signed in 1949 by a total of 12 countries in order to combat the spread of communism, and it stated that if one of the countries were to ever come under attack from another country, NATO would help that country. America saw that there needed to be an alliance in Europe, and so they formed NATO.
    In 1955, West Germany joined NATO, which upset Krushchev and the USSR
  30. 30What was the Berlin Blockade?The Berlin Blockade was Russia's way of making Germany weak, as other parts of Germany were given Marshall Aid by America. Furthermore, the 3 zones led by Britain, America and France respectively, decided that they would merge together to create on super zone; here the formed the currency known as Deutschmark. Because of this, Stalin decided to create a blockade around Berlin that meant no food supplies or resources could get to West Berlin.
  31. 31What was the Berlin Airlift?Truman didn't want to lose Germany to Russia, and because of this he used 3 routes into West Berlin to transport supplies into Berlin via plane. This was known as the Berlin Airlift, and because of this 8000 tonnes of supplies were transported per day. However, Stalin cut off the electricity being supplied to West Berlin in an attempt to get the people living there to move from West to East and make the USSR look even more powerful compared to America. However, by May 1949 Stalin saw that he had lost in Berlin and decided to stop the blockade.
  32. 32Who participated in the Korean WarNorth Korea, China and Russia vs The UN and South Korea
  33. 33What happened during the Korean War?North Korea invaded South Korea in hopes of turning them communist, and managed to push South Korea back to the Pusan Pocket. Here, UN soldiers led my General MacArthur landed at Inchon and pushed the North Koreans back to the border of China. However, Russia and China get involved and push the UN and South Korean soldiers back to the 38th Parallel.
  34. 34Why was General MacArthur released from his position?He asked for permission to use the Atomic Bomb on China, however Truman didn't allow the request and instead removed General MacArthur from his position as General.
  35. 35What happened after Stalin's Death?Austria was granted independence, and Krushchev became the new leader of the USSR and created the policy of "Peaceful Co-existence"
  36. 36When was the Hungarian Rising?1956
  37. 37What happened during the Hungarian Rising?USSR helped to put in a Communist government after WWII with Rakosi in charge
    Rakosi followed Stalin’s rules closely
    After Stalin died Rakosi was replaced by Nagy
    Khrushchev supported this
    Rakosi forced himself back into power
    Hungarians hated his secret police after killing 2,000 people and arresting 200,000 people
    Hungarians wanted to better their standard of living
    Protests and street fighting went on for 5 days in 1956
    Stalin’s statue was pulled down
    Rakosi was replaced and Soviet troops withdrew
    Nagy made changes - free election, end of secret police and Soviet army
    Nagy asked Khrushchev to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact
    Krushchev saw this as a step too far so Soviets intervened
    Would be a gap in the buffer zone
    Invaded with 1,000 tanks and Nagy was executed
  38. 38What was the Paris Summit?The Paris Summit was a meeting attended by America, China, France, Britain and Russia
  39. 39When was the U2 Incident?Before the Paris Summit an American spyplane was shot down while out on a mission surveying the USSR's military bases. The pilot Gary Powers ejected form the plane, however he was caught soon after. The Russians knew that America had been spying on them, and when questioned, America denied all knowledge, instead saying that the plane was simply a weather plane that had got lost - Eisenhower then refused to apologise to the USSR and Krushchev left the Paris Summit, China said that they believed America couldn't be trusted and this served as a propaganda victory for the USSR - thus came the end of "Peaceful Co-existence"
  40. 40When did the Berlin Wall happen?1961
  41. 41What was the Berlin Wall?Marshall Plan meant that West Berlin was richer than East Berlin and people moved there
    2 million moved from 1948-1961
    Skilled workers left and this made Communism look bad
    Closed the border from East to West
    Barbed wire went up first, and a small confrontation of tanks at Checkpoint Charlie
    Wall (45km) long (3.6m) wide
    60,000 commuters couldn’t travel any more to work
    People who tried to cross were shot- 40 in the first year
    Reduced migration from East to West Berlin
    Only 5,00 escaped
    Economy in East Berlin was stronger
    No aggression from America- good for Kennedy
    136 died trying to cross
  42. 42What did America gain because of the Berlin Wall?Propaganda win for USA- saying it showed how weak communism was
    Kennedy made a speech, trying to show unity in the West saying everyone was Berliner (Ich bin ein Berliner)
  43. 43When was Sputnik 1 and what was it?Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite sent into space, and was sent into space by Russia in 1957.
  44. 44Who was the first man in space?Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space, and he was a Russian astronaut aboard the Vostrok 1 in 1961
  45. 45Who was the first man on the moon and when did this happen?Neil Armstrong was the first American man on the moon - a big win for America in the space race - aboard Apollo 11, and it landed on the moon in 1969
  46. 46What happened in Cuba before the Cuban Missile Crisis?Cuba was originally ruled by Batista, who was supported by America. The new leader, Fidel Castro, led a revolution against Batista and took over Cuba. Due to this, America refused to do trade with America and Cuba decided to do trade with Russia.
  47. 47What happened in The Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1962?America and the CIA made an attempt to overthrow Castro by training ex-Cubans to fight against the current Cuban army led by Castro. However, the invasion went side ways and the invasion was a fail. Because of this, Krushchev thought that JFK looked weak and put missile bases in Cuba.
  48. 48What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?U2 spyplane flying over Cuba saw Russian missile bases in Cuba, and this put millions of American lives at risk - JFK responded by ordering the American Naval Fleet to deploy a blockade around the waters of Cuba so USSR ships couldn't gain access into Cuba and do trade and supply the missile base with weapons (This could be interpreted as a show of strength from America). The Russians then made a deal with the Americans - if the naval blockade was lifted and the missile bases in Turkey were dismantled, Russia would get rid of the missiles in Cuba.
  49. 49What were the after-effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis?Nuclear war avoided- closest world had ever been to it
    Communist country near America
    Kennedy reputation increased (secretly agreed to dismantle missiles in Turkey- so looked strong)
    Khrushchev claimed he protected Cuba- but soon lost his job
    Hot line set up between USSR and USA to discuss- led to Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1962
    Russia gained from this, because the Turkey missile bases owned by America had been dismantled - increasing safety within USSR
  50. 50When was the Prague Spring1968
  51. 51What happened in the Prague Spring?Czechoslovakia had been put under the leadership of Novotny from 1948 - the people of czechoslovakia wanted more freedom so Novotny was replaced with Dubcek, who had no intention of leaving the Warsaw Pact but opened up borders with the West and began trading with them and he also introduced freedom of speech. Brezhnev thought this would cause a gap in the buffer zone, and soviet tanks appeared within Czechoslovakia in August 1968 - however there was no fighting back from the civilians, instead they threw flowers into the soldiers hair and acted peacefully, having seen the mistake made by Hungary during the Hungarian Rising.
  52. 52What were the results of the Prague Spring?Reforms were changed back and Dubcek was replaced by Husak
    Soviets had restored order by force
    Czechs hated what had happened and 250,000 moved out in 1968
    West disagreed but did nothing
  53. 53What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?Any country that tries to leave the Warsaw pact would be invaded, and it was created to stop communist countries trying to become capitalist or introducing capitalist ideas, as well as stopping other countries from trying to change communism.
  54. 54what was Detente?Detente was the easing of tension between USSR and USA.
  55. 55What were the reasons for Detente?USA: couldnt afford to keep producing weapons as the cost of the Vietnam War was becoming too much for them.
    USSR: people at home were poor and couldn’t afford making more weapons
    China: fearful- had smaller missile bases than USA and worsening relations with USSR
    China: invited America table tennis to China. ‘Ping-pong’ diplomacy. USA later supported China entering the UN in 1971
    West Germany: wanted to be recognised as its own country
  56. 56What was SALT 1 and when was it created?SALT 1 was the Strategic Arms Limitations Talks, and they were started in 1969 between USA and USSR - they were signed in 1972 when Richard Nixon visited the USSR in Moscow.
  57. 57What was the 1975 Helsinki agreement?USA, Russia and major European powers met up and recognised the countries that were created after the second world war - Germany was recognised as divided and other eastern European countries allowed their people to have basic rights such as freedom of speech.
  58. 58What happened with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?USSR supported Afghanistan and helped them set up a communist government within the country - the Mujahidin were unhappy with the communist government that was in place. The government of Afghanistan came under threat in 1979, and Russia sent in 80,000 troops to help the government.
    Afghan President Amin was assassinated and replaced by Karmal, however 80% of the country supported the Mujahidin and the Russians were beat using Gorilla Warfare.
  59. 59What was the USA's reaction to Russia's involvement within Afghanistan?America reacted by stopping trading with the USSR, abandoning SALT 2 and boycotting the Mexico Olympics of 1980
  60. 60What happened during the 1984 LA Olyimpics?USSR tried to boycott the Olympics, however it was not seen as successful
  61. 61When did Ronald Reagan become president?He became president in 1981
  62. 62What role did Ronald Reagan play in the 'Star Wars' of the 80's ?Reagan hated communism a lot, even referring to it as the evil empire, and he used these arguments to increase spending on arms within America. Military spending increased from $325 million in 1980 to $456 billion in 1987.
    Reagan wanted to develop the neutron bomb, stealth bomber, and Strategic Defense Initiative - a laser defence specifically to defend America from any aerial weapons coming from other countries, dubbed 'Star Wars'
  63. 63What was Solidarity?Solidarity was the first trade union set up in Poland and was lead by Lech Walesa. The trade union gained support from iconic figures, such as the catholic church and the pope, even though the communist ideology stated that it didnt believe in religion. This trade union mainly campaigned against poor standards of living, and by 1981 it had a membership of 9 million.
    Soviet troops reacted to Solidarity in December 1981, and 5000 members of Solidarity , including Lech Walesa, were arrested. Furthermore, the country was put under martial law - meaning the country was run by the army. However, Lech Walesa won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1983.
  64. 64Who was Gorbachev and what did he bring to the USSR in the late 1980's?Gorbachev became the new leader of the USSR in 1985, and he quickly made changes to the way USSR made money by introducing a capitalist style of trade where businesses had to compete for work within their market; this was called PERESTROIKA. He also introduced freedom of speech for the people of USSR, which allowed them to see how corrupt their government were; this was known as Glasnost. He also stopped the Brezhnev Doctrine and allowed eastern countries to have freedom. He also signed Intermediate Nuclear Forces treaty, which meant that no countries that signed the treaty could have medium ranged missiles.
  65. 65What was the collapse of communism and how did it happen?Poland: Solidarity win free election in 1989 and Walesa became president of Poland in 1990 (non-communist government)
    Soviet troops left Hungary in 1991 after free elections in 1990. Nagy’s body was reburied
    Gorbachev’s reforms were not enough- still food shortage. Many in USSR saw Gorbachev as betraying Communism
    No more censorship allowed people to see the real side of Communism and its failures
    Yetsin took over from Gorbachev and the USSR collapsed and renamed the Russian Federation
  66. 66What problems did the USA face after the cold war?The USA was the only superpower left at this point and because of this, it had military supremacy and was considered as the 'champion of democracy' - meaning it has to spread democracy throughout the rest of the world
  67. 67What happened in Kuwait with the UN?Success for UN
    Iraq leader Saddam Hussein attacked and invaded Kuwait - in order to look strong, and for oil
    UN’s mission was to keep peace- plus USA’s oil came from that region
    UN put trade sanction on Iraq and tried to talk it out
    UN placed 600,000 troops in Saudi Arabia to attack Iraq
    Operation Instant Thunder and Desert Storm - America bombed the hell out of Iraq and sent tanks in.
    UN put sanction on Iraq after Kuwait was freed: had to give up weapons of mass destruction, told to stop spending money on weapons, oil for food programme - some said it was corrupt
  68. 68What happened with the UN in KosovoMilosevic, leader of Yugoslavia, was very racist, and because of this he caused a mass genocide of the Kosovan people, where he sent soldiers to villages and houses of people who were of Kosovan descent, and had them killed.
    Kosovo set up the Kosovan Liberation Army in order to fight back - However the UN asked the two sides to stop fighting and didnt attempt to do anything other than that. Because of this NATO got involved and started bombing factories, accidentally hitting the Chinese embassy.
    Milosevic surrendered, and NATO set up the KFOR to show Milosevic that NATO wanted peace. The UN also set up the UNMIK, to help Kosovo recover from the war - UNMIK was seen as unsuccessful as there were lots of problems, such as electricity and water supplies being redirected to the UNMIK soldiers bases instead of to the people of Kosovo; some people even went so far as to say that the UNMIK were corrupt and that they ran brothels and prostitution rings in Kosovo.

Information

Description
GCSE History (Cold War ) Flashcards on GCSE Cold War Revision , created by Gabriel brookes on 17/05/2017.
Views
0
Tags
gcse cold war revision
Rating

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?