Flashcards
4
Cards in this deck (33)
- 1What is everyday memory?The memory phenomena that people experience in normal life. Related to/involves episodic and semantic memory.
- 2What is autobiographical memory?Memory for events in our own lives.
- 3What are some advantages of everyday memory?Studied in a natural setting - high ecological validity, representative due to naturalness of experiments and generalizable, as it is applicable to real life.
- 4Everyday memory vs traditional memory research;- Content is more important than accuracy
- Often memories of memories
- Complementary, not antagonistic - 5What are schema's?Packets of knowledge that determine what we remember from and how we process story information. They can change/be updated over time, and may distort our memory.
- 6What is the schematic processing principle?Memory is an interaction between events and our own pre-existing schema
- 7Define schema-relevantBetter memory than schema irrelevant (no good memory)
- 8Define schema-congruentSchema can provide retrieval cues
- 9Define schema-incongruentElaboration, attracted attention
- 10Define rationalisationsMaking it in line with our own (cultural) expectations.
- 11According to the neurological view, what causes the reminiscence bump?It's the cognitive 'peak'
- 12According to the identity formation view, what causes the reminiscence bump?It's the time in life of important decisions that shape the future, and our life script/narrative - a coherent integrated account of who we are are how we became like this
- 13According to the cognitive view, what causes the reminiscence bump?The primacy effect! Better memory for first time events and less proactive interference. Should also occur in other times of experiencing 'firsts' e.g. Schrauf and Rubin immigrant study.
- 14Define childhood amnesia.Almost total lack of autobiographical memories from the firs 3 years of life
- 15What are some explanations of childhood amnesia?-Freud - repression of sexual feelings towards parents
- Neurological - e.g. frontal lobes still developing
- Underdeveloped schema's
- Language development and emergent cognitive self - 16What are some cross cultural differences in childhood amnesia?Average age of first memory differs, e.g. 3.8 for US, 5.4 for Chinese. Perhaps related to how mothers talk to children and how focused they are on the past and collectivist/individualistic
- 17How accurate are autobiographical memories?Truthful to the gist of actual experiences, but autobiographical memory tends to place us central and have a favourable view of our present self. E.g. Conway's exam study.
- 18What is a flashbulb memory?Highly detailed and vivid memories for surprising events that are highly resistant to forgetting.
- 19Gimmie some sweet ass factz about memory and the law fam.-48% of wrongful convictions are due to misidentification, so witness confidence isn't a good predictor.
-When DNA retrospectively proved innocent, most found guilty on EWT.
-Cross-racial identification harder than inter-racial. - 20What are some explanations of the cross face effect?- Expertise hypothesis; more experience distinguishing faces of the same race
- Social-cognitive hypothesis; more thorough facial processing of faces of the in-group compared to the out-group - 21How does perceptual stage affect EWT?Darkness, distance, duration etc. E.g. lighting conditions significantly influence accuracy
- 22How does encoding stage affect EWT?Stress, violence etc. Yerkes-Dodson law. E.g. memory for central aspects of a violent even are better than a non-violent event, but worse memory for peripheral aspects. Weapon focus greater when unexpected.
- 23How does storage stage affect EWT?Time, decay, interference etc. Memory degrades over time, faster in children. Unconscious transfer, e.g. Donal Thomson, and proactive interference.
- 24How does retrieval stage affect EWT?Questions, expectations, misrememberings etc. E.g. Loftus and Palmer (car crash)
- 25What is source misattribution?source of post-event information memory trace is wrongly attributed to the original event.
- 26What is a vacant memory slot?Misinformation is more likely to be accepted in the original correct information did not get stored.
- 27What is memory coexistence?Both original and misleading information, but the misleading information is more recent, so obscures the other memory trace - misleading info alters and updates the original.
- 28What is blending?A combination of correct information and misinformation.
- 29What is the correlation between accuracy and confidence in EWT?(r=.29)
- 30What are the stages of the cognitive interview1- Recreate external and internal context
2 - Report everything, even if fragmented
3 - Report event in different orders
4 - Report from different perspectives
5 - Do not interrupt witness in middle of narrative - 31What are some issues of using a composite sketch?- People are bad at describing faces
- Face recognition involves more holistic processing than objects.
- Better with more sketches morphed into one - 32What are some issues of using mugshots?- Tendency to pick someone even when the perpetrator sin't there
- Danger of interference
- When someone is picked incorrectly, they are less likely to pick out the perpetrator later. - 33What are some important factors when conducting line-ups?- Line-up similarity
- Double blind
- Clothing
- Instructions
- Confidence statement immediately following
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- Psychology (Memory and language ) Flashcards on 4, created by Craig Wilkinson on 31/05/2017.
- Created by
- Craig Wilkinson · May 2017
- Updated
- May 31, 2017
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