Response to chronic stressors

CHRONIC STRESSORS

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Adrenal glands

Releases CRH into the bloodstream.

Produces and releases ACTH.

Releases

Cortisol

Causes a quick burst of energy and a lower sensitivity to pain but also causes impaired cognitive performance and a lowered immune response.

If something continues to be perceived as threatening, the HPA axis is activated after the initial surge of adrenaline subsides.

Special receptors monitor circulating cortisol levels, it it rises above normal then they initiate a reduction in CRH and ACTH levels, thus bringing cortisol levels back to normal.