Social Learning Theory

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1986)

- New patterns of behaviour acquired as a result of the observation of others.

- Models provide examples of behaviour that can be observed and imitated.

- Key determinants; 1) characteristics of the model, 2) observer's ability to perform the behaviour, 3) its observed consequences.

- Identification with a model based on perceived similarity.

- Vicarious reinforcement, so individuals learn about the likely consequences of behaviour by observing others.

- Individuals must form mental representations of the behaviour and its probable consequences.

Strengths

- Social learning theory shows an understanding of criminal behaviour, according to Ulrich.

- Learning is more effective from similar rather than dissimilar mode, according to Fox & Bailenson.

Key Study; Bandura et al, 1961

Procedure - children observed aggressive or non-aggressive models interacting with a Bobo doll. The aggressive model displayed distinctive physical and verbal aggressive acts towards the doll. The children were then allowed to interact with the Bobo doll.

Findings - children who observed the aggressive model imitated their aggression, whereas children who observed the non-aggressive model showed little aggression.

Limitations

- Criticism of view of criminal behaviour due to exposure to deviant models, according to Siegel & McCormick.

- Advocates of social learning theory disregard other potential influences on behaviour.

​​​​​​Further Evaluation

- Idenitfication has been shown to be important in social learning (e.g. Andsager study on health campaigns.