Learning-Chapter 2

Learning-Chapter 2

1. General Process Approach

   • Universal Rules and processes
     • Often uses animals to find out those general laws
       • Animal will depend on question = validity
         • Animals help predict and understand human behaviour

2. Elicited Behaviour

   • Anything we can see in response to a stimuli
     • Simple Reflexes
       • Innate, good for survival, fast, mediated by 3 neurons
         • interneuron
         • Sense neuron
         • motorneuron
     • Complex behavioural sequences
       • Modal Action Patterns (MAP's)
         • Specific response to specific stimulus by most/all members of a species.
           • Supernormal stimulus
             • Exaggerated = vigorous response
           • Sign stimuli
             • Allows behaviour to release
         • No learning required
           • Rare in humans
             • Yawning
         • Depend on physiological state of animal
         • Rigid
     • Goal-directed behaviour
       • Complex organisms
         • Appetite Behaviour
           • Variability in way to reach goal
             • Early component
         • Consummatory behaviour
           • Stereotyped, rigid, end goal
             • End component

3. René Descartes

   • Only humans have free will. Circuit based neurons through pineal gland
   • Sense organs detect external stimulus
   • Reflexes= physical connection that we can't control

4. Habituation

   • Decrease in vigor of elicited behaviour
     • Occurs with repetition of stimulus
       • Long term=spaced, memory lasts longer
       • Short term= quick and doesn't last
       • Spontaneous recovery= increase in response but lower than baseline

5. Dual Process Theory

   • Behavioural techniques
     • Habituation process: S-R system
       • Reflex Arc
         • Weakens the connection between sensory and motor
     • Sensitization process: state system
       • Activated by arousal
         • Strenghtens the connection between sensory and motor
         • Other parts of sensory
     • Activated at the same time, what we see= sum

6. Opponent Process Theory

   • biphasic= opponent-contrary emotions
     • Drug seeking behaviour
       • Dependency
         • physical/phycological disturbance when drug is removed
           • Withdrawal
       • Tolerance
         • Reduced response
           • Take it to avoid afterreactions
   • Environmental stimuli can provoke strong emotional emotions
   • a and b process
     • a process
       • Initial response to stimuli
       • present when stimuli present
     • b process
       • generates opposite emotional response
         • leaves when a leaves
       • in response to a process

7. Sensisatizion

   • Increase in vigour of elicited behaviour
     • When organism is aroused
     • Could be the same stimulus in diff situation