Working Memory

Working Memory

1. Using Working Memory

   • A Computer Metaphor
     • A computer has two means of storing information: hard disk and random-access memory (RAM)
       • RAM
         • RAM is the computer equivalent of Working Memory
       • Hard disk
         • Hard disk is the computer equivalent of long-term memory
       • To use stored information, you must retrieve it from the hard disk and load it into RAM
   • Implications of the Nature of Working Memory
     • People vary in working memory span
     • Link to cognitive ability?

2. From Primary Memory to Working Memory

   • The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: The Relationship of Short-term and Long-term Memory 1968
     • Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of Memory (The Modal Model)
       • Environmental Input
       • Sensory Registers; Visual, Auditory, Haptic (touch)
       • STS: Temporary working memory. Control processes: Rehearsal, Coding, Decisions, Retrieval Strategies
         • Response output
       • LTS: Permanent Memory Store
     • Information passes through short term memory before entering long-term memory
       • Neuropsychological data were showing that this assumption is not correct
   • The Braddeley-Hitch Model: Working Memory
     • Consists of two short term stores and a control system.
     • Phonological Loop
     • Central Executive
     • Visuospatial scratchpad

3. Understanding the Working Memory Model

   • The Phonological Loop: When It Works and When It Doesn't

4. Current Directions

5. How Working Memory Works