Fundamentals of Constructivism

Fundamentals of Constructivism

1. Psychogenetic

   • Piaget
     • Child's thinking develops through active exploration of the environment and that children construct their own knowledge through play and experience
     • His theory is similar to the Informational Processing approach, as they both describe the child going through four stages to develop their cognitive abilities.
     • His theory is different to the approach proposed by Vygotsky, whose approach is unlike Piagets in the fact that he proposed children are taught different abilities as opposed to discovering them
     • Three Basic Components To Piaget's Cognitive Theory
       • Schemas (building blocks of knowledge).
       • Adaptation processes that enable the transition from one stage to another (equilibrium, assimilation, and accommodation).
       • Stages of Cognitive Development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.
     • Definicion
       • is a learning theory that describes how humans learn and acquire knowledge.

2. Sociocultural

   • Vygotsky
     • His theory proposed the importance of adults in the development of a childs cognitive abilities, stating how children are taught these abilities before having independance given to them.
     • Vygotsky's theory is different to Piaget's, as unlike piaget he placed an emphasis on the role of adults in the development of a child, stating how they need to be encouraged as opposed to letting them discover the abilities on their own.
     • Theory of Cognitive Development
     • Vygotsky’s theory is one of the foundations of constructivism. It asserts three major themes
       • SOCIAL INTERACTION
       • THE MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE OTHER (MKO)
       • THE ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT (ZPD)
     • Definition
       • s a learning theory that highlights the significance of social interactions and the role of culture in creating knowledge.

3. differences between personal and social constructivism

   • There are many similarities and differences, just to mention one of each we can take a look into the learning process, Piaget considers learning as an active process, while Vygotsky also considers learning as an active process, but Piaget makes emphasis on individual experiences and Vygotsky makes emphasis on social interactions and culture.

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