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Bacti/Mycology Pre-midterm

lance Shen Veterinary English

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Fungi
- (1) Branching Hyphae + (2) Unicellular Yeast -Reproduce: sexually + asexually w/ spores -Most grow @ 25 degC 
- Diagnosis: -Wood Lamp (UV) -Wet Mount (KOH) -Culture Sabouraud Medium (Confirmatory - 14 days inc.) 
- Aspergillus Species
  - Opportunistic Infection
    - Pigmented colonies - 3 days under aerobic conditions
      - Thermotolerant = 20-50 degC
    - Respiratory Pathogens
  - Elaborate Mycotoxins
  - Opportunistic
    - Aspergillus Fumigatus
      - Chickens: Brooder Pneumonia
      - Cattle: Mycotic Abortion
      - Horses: Gutteral Pouch Mycosis, Keratomycosis (Keratitis)
      - Dogs: Nasal Aspergillosis
        Destroy Turbinate Bones
        Profuse Blood Tinge Exude
    - A. Niger
    - A. Flavus
      - Aflatoxicosis
    - A. Nidulans
    - A. Terreus
  - Mycotoxin Production
    - A. Parasiticus
  - Lactophenol Cotton Blue
  - Saprophytic
- Dimorphic Fungi
  - Molds in Environment
    - Yeast on Animal Tissue
  - Opportunistic Infections
  - Blastomyces Dermatitidis
    - Pulmonary Blastomyces + Skin Lesions
      - Thick Cell Wall, No capsule
      - Serological Test kits Available
  - Coccidioides Immitis
    - VALLEY FEVER
  - Histoplasma Capsulatum
    - "Halo" but no capsule
  - Sporothrix Schenckii
- Mycotoxin-producing species
  - Mycotoxin = Toxic Metabolites
  - In Crops, Stored feed, Pasture Litter
- Dermatophytes
  - Cause Ringworm (H+A)
  - Trichophyton species
    - T. Mentagrophytes
    - T. Verrucosum
      - Treat: Griseofulvin
  - Microsporum Species
    - M. Canis
      - Cat + Dog
      - Treat: Ketaconazole, Griseofulvin, Lufenuron
    - M. Gypseum
    - M. Nanum
  - Arthrospores = Infectious Forms
- Yeasts
  - Commensal on skin/mucous memb.
    - Sometimes opportunistic
  - Over 200 Species. MOST often implicated in animal species
  - Candida Albicans
    - 3 Forms
      - Budding
      - Pseudohypha
      - true septate hypha
    - Enteritis
      - Proteases + phospholipases production
    - Crop Mycosis
    - Thrush Mycotic Stomatitis
    - Treatment: Ketaconazole, Nystatin
  - Cryptococcus Neoformans
    - India Ink
      - Mother Cell + Bud
    - Prominent Mucopolyaccharide Capsule
    - Nasal + Paranasal Sinus Granuloma
      - Treat: Calcium Hydroxide + Sodium Hydroxide
      - Treat: Itraconazole + Flucaconazole (up to 6 Months)
      - PIGEONS, Airborne Infection
        Phospholipases disrupt cell memb.
  - Malassezia Pachydermitis
    - Otitis Externa + Chronic Dermatitis (DOG)
      - Flea allergy + Genetic Pre-Disposition
      - Not Systemic
- Zygomycetes
  - Widely distributed Saprobes
    - Sporadic Opportunistic Infection
      - Saprobe = Oranism that lives off dead/decaying material
- Asexual Spores
  - Conidia: Spore produced asexually @ tip of specialized hyphae
  - Arthroconidia (Arthrospores)
    - Hyphal Fragmentation
      - Dermatophytes
      - Coccidioides immitis
  - Blastoconidia (Blastospores)
    - Conidia prod. by BUDDING from:
      - Mother Cell
      - Hyphae
      - Pseudohyphae
  - Chlamydoconidia (Chlamydospores)
    - Thick-Walled, Resistant Spores w/ Storage Products
  - Microconidia
    - Small Conidia
      - Dermatophytes
  - Phialoconidia
    - Conidia prod. from Phialides
      - Aspergillus
  - Sporangiospores
    - Released when a mature sporangium RUPTURES
      - Zygomycetes (eg. Rhizopus)
  - Macroconidia
    - Large, Multi-celled Conidia
      - Dermatophytes
BACTERIA
- Actinobacteria
  - Gram +
  - Actinomycetaceae
    - Actinomyces
      - A. Viscosus
        Commensal Oral Mucosa
        "BITE WOUND"
      - A. Hordevulneris
      - A. Bovis
        "Lumpy Jaw"
        Treat = Isoniazid 30 days
    - Actinobaculum
      - A. Suis
    - Trueperella
      - T. Pyogenes
  - Branching filaments + pleomorphic structures
  - Colonize mucous memb.
    - some skin
  - Dermatophilus
    - D. Congolensis
      - Rain Scald/Rot
      - Frm: Zoospores
      - Lumpy Wool Disease
      - Strawberry Foot Rot
  - Corynebacteriaceae
    - Corynebacterium
      - C. Pseudotuberculosis
        Non-Nitrate Reducing
        Sheep, Goats
        Caseous Lymphadenitis
        Nitrate-Reducing
        Horse, Cattle
        Thin Ewe Syndrome
      - C. Renale
        T1 C. Renale
        Cattle, Sheep, Goats
        T2 C. Pilosum
        Cattle
        T3 C. Cystitidis
        Cattle
      - C. Kutscheri
        Lab Rodents
      - Non-Motile
        Fastidious (Difficult)
      - Catalase Positive
      - Oxidase Neg
      - Faculative anaerobes
    - Rhodococcus Equi
      - Foal < 4 months
        Supparative Bronchopneumonia
      - Horses
        Superficial Abscessation
      - Pigs + Cattle
        Mild Cervical Lymphadenopathy
      - Cats
        SubQ Abscesses
      - Gram+
        Cocci + Rods
      - Soil Saprophyte
      - Aerobic, Non-Motile
        Commensal of GI tract
      - Mucoid Salmon-Pink,
      - Treatment
        Schering-Plough Vaccine
    - Nocardia
      - Long, Slender, Branching
      - Saprophytes: Soil + Decaying Vegettion
        Gram+
        Coccal + Rods
        Aerobes
      - Dieases
        Canine Nocardiosis
        Cattle
        Chronic Mastitis
        Abortion
        Bovine Farcy
        PIgs
        Abortion
        Sheep, Goats, Horses
        Wound Infections
        Pyogranulomatous Lessions
        Slow Healing Skin Ulcers
        Treat = Culling. No effective treatment :( :( :(
      - ImmunoSuppression
      - Slow Cultivation
        Blood Agar
        White, Powdery Colonies
        Sabouraud Dextrose
        Orange + Wrinkled
    - Mycobacterium
      - Tuberculosis
        BCG Live Vaccine (Children, Calves) In endemic countries
        Tubercles = Collection of Macrophages
      - Mycobacterium Lepraemurium = Surgical Removal Needed
- Listeria
  - Small Gram+ Rods
  - Herbage + Fresh Water
    - Sewage + Feces
  - Wide Temp Range
    - Wide pH range
    - Tumble Mobility @ 25 DegC
  - Faculative Anaerobes
    - Catalase +
    - Oxidase neg
  - L. Monocytogenes
    - Sheep, Cattle, Goats
      - Encephalitis, Abortion, Septicaemia, Endophthalmitis
        MeningoEncephalitis ="Circling Disease"
        Eliminate Bad Silage + Prevent abrasions on eyees
    - Pigs
      - Abortion, Septicaemia, Encephalitis
    - Birds
      - Septicaemia
    - Human
    - Non-Contagious, Cold temps, Saprophytic
      - Found in Silage
        Food-Borne in humans
  - L. Ivanovii
    - Sheep, Cattle
      - Abortion
- Rickettsiales
  - Rickettsia
    - R. Rickettsii
  - Anaplasmataceae
    - Ehrlichia
      - E. Canis
        Canine Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis
      - E. Ruminantium
        Heartwater
      - E. Ovina
      - E. Ewingii
        Canine Granulocyic Ehrlichiosis
      - E. Ondiri
    - Neorickettsia
      - N. Helminthoeca
        Salmon-Poisoning Disease
      - N. Risticii
        Potomac Horse Fever
      - N. Elokominica
    - Anaplasma
      - A. Phagocytophilum
        Granulocytic Anaplasmoses
      - A. Ovis
      - A. Marginale
        Bovine Anaplasmosis
      - A. bovis
      - A. Platys
    - Aegyptianella
  - Small, Pleomorphic Gram Neg
    - Peptidoglycan in Cell Wall
  - Giemsa + Leishman Stains
  - Parasitize erythrocytes, Leukocytes
    - systemic disease
    - Obligate Incracellular Pathogen (rep. in host)
    - Invertebrate Vector Transmission
- Spirochaetes
  - Leptospira
    - Clinical Conditions
      - Abortion (Repro Related)
      - Septicaemia In Young
      - Nephritis/ Chronic Renal
  - Brachyspira
    - Intestinal tract Clinical + Normal Pigs
  - Borrelia
    - LYME
  - Aerobic, Microaerophilic, Anaerobic
  - Gram Neg
  - Ponds, Surface Water, Moist Soil
    - Obligate parasite
  - Dark-Field Microscopy
    - Silver Staining
    - Immunofluorescence
- more.....
  - Bordetella
    - Gram-Neg Rods
    - Commensals on Upper Resp Tract
      - Strict Aerobes
    - B. Pertussis+ B.Parapertussis
    - B. Bronchiseptica
      - Canine
        Kennel COUGH.
        Treat: -Live-Intra-Nasal/ Other Vaccines
      - Horses, Rabbits
        Upper Resp. Infection
      - Pig
        Atrophic Rhinitis
      - Kittens, Lab Rodents
        Pneumonia
    - B. Avium
      - Turkeys
        Coryza
        Effective Vaccine 3 wk+
  - Moraxella Bovis
    - Gram Neg Rods
      - Pairs
    - Mucous Membrane: Carrier Cattle
      - Susceptible to desiccation (Dryness)
    - Direct contact, Aerosols, or Flies
      - Cattle <2yrs: Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
        PINK EYE + BLINDNESS!!
      - Control: Biosecurity, Isolation, Insect Control,
      - Vaccines MAXI/GUARD
        Colostrum
  - Chlamydiaceae
    - Spherical. Unique devp cycle?
    - Respiratory, Enteric, AND Repro. Diseases
    - Obligate Intracellular Bacteria
    - Abortion, Intestinal-Infection
      - Zoonotic: Conjunctivitis
    - C. Psittici: Birds+Humans
      - Psitticosis + Parrot-Fever
    - C. Felis (Cats)
      - 10-50% healthy cats, Stress?
    - Treatment: Tetracyclines
  - Lawsonia Intracellularis
    - Gram Neg, Curved Rods
      - Microaerophilic
      - Enterocyte tissue sample
    - Obligate Intracellular Pathogen
    - Acute form: Porcine Hemorrhagic Enteropathy
    - Chronic Form: Porcine Intestinal Adenomatosis (PIA)
    - Thickening of Intestinal Mucosa
  - Brucella
    - LOTS OF ABORTION T.T dead 56 day Puppers
      - Treat: Vaccines
        S19
        RB51: LIVE ROUGH MUTANT >.<
        could cause disease (Human) needle stick
      - Prevent/Control
        Canine: Don't breed
        Cow: No treatment :(
        Test and Slaughter
      - Fevers
    - Gram Neg Coccobacilli
    - Infected animals = Reservoir of Infection
  - Mycoplasma
    - Cats
      - m. Haemofelis
        Feline Infectious Anemia
      - M. Felis
    - Smallest free-living prokaryotic microorganisms
    - Tiple-layered limiting membrane
    - Avian
      - M. Gallisepticum
        Live Vaccines Available
    - Enriched media Req.
    - Disease Conditions: Abortion, Keratoconjunctivitis, Infertility
      - M. Cynos = Kennel Cough Complex
    - FRIED EGG APPEARANCE
    - Treatment
      - Drugs: Tetracycline, Tylosin, Erythromycin, Tiamulin, Lincomycin, etc
    - Cows
      - Live Vaccine for "Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia"
        Admit Only SPF animals in disease free herds/flocks
        Specific Pathogen free
    - Pigs
      - M. Hyopneumoniae
        Bacterin Vaccines
  - Bartonella
    - Cats: Cat-Scratch Diease
      - No signs in cats D:
    - treatment: Doxycycline

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Description: Veterinary Mind Map on Bacti/Mycology Pre-midterm, created by lance Shen on 04/03/2020.
Created by: lance Shen
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Bacti/Mycology Pre-midterm

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