Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development

1. Behaviorist Approach- basic mechanics of learning

   • Classical Conditioning- involuntary response to a stimulus that did not originally provoke a response
   • Operant conditioning- learning based on reinforcement or punishment

2. Psychometric Approach- measure the quantity of intelligence

   • Intelligent behavior - goal oriented and adaptive
   • IQ test- measure intelligence by comparing test taker scores with society
   • Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development- test mental and motor development
   • Early Intervention - providing services to families to meet children developmental needs
   • Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment- measure the influence of the home to the childs growth
   • Representational Ability- mentality represent objects ad actions in memory
   • Visible Imitation- imitating parts of their body that babies can see
   • Invisible Imitation - imitating parts of their body that babies cannot see
   • Deferred imitation -reproduce of observed behavior after time
   • Elicited imitation infants are induced to imitate a series of actions

3. Piagetian Approach- qualitiative stages in cognitive functioning

   • Schemes- general category for learning
   • Sensorimotor Stage - infants learn through senses and motor activity
   • 6 substages of sensorimotor

4. Information Processing Approach - observing the process of receiving information

   • Habituation - familiarity with a stimulus reduces interest
   • Dishabituation- increase response to a stimulus over time
   • Visual Recognition memory- ability to distinguish a familiar stimulus from and unfamiliar stimulus
   • Visual Preference- infants spend more time looking at one sight than another
   • Cross Modal Transfer- info from one sense to guide another

5. Cognitive Neuroscience Approach - brain processes with cognitive

   • Implicit Memory (Procedural) -unconcscious recall innate skills that come natural
   • Explicit Memory (declarative) - intentional recall dates
   • Working memory- short term memory

6. Social Contextual Approach- focuses on environmental influences

   • Guided Participation - adult guide the action of a child so understanding is greatly improved
   • Language -communication system
   • preinguistic speech- forerunner of linguistic speech
   • Holophrase- sngle word for complete thought
   • linguistic speech- verbal expression to convey meaning