2270282
Description
Mind Map by Courtney Kennedy, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Courtney Kennedy
about 9 years ago
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Cell Structure,
Metabolism &
Transport
- Cell Structure
- Cell Membrane
- surrounds cell and fills
outer boundary
- made up of a double
layer of lipid molecules
and proteins
- surrounds cell and fills
outer boundary
- Cytoplasm
- thick fluid, fills inside of cell
- thick fluid, fills inside of cell
- Organelles
- Golgi Body
- stack of flattened channels;
packages proteins for
secretion from the cell
- stack of flattened channels;
packages proteins for
secretion from the cell
- Mitochondria
- 'powerhouses'
of the cell
- working organelles
that keep the cell full
of energy
- 'powerhouses'
of the cell
- Nucleus
- large organelle,
contains DNA
- large organelle,
contains DNA
- Lysosomes
- break down materials that
are taken into cell, break
down worn-out organelles
- break down materials that
are taken into cell, break
down worn-out organelles
- Centrioles
- located near
nucleus, involved
in cell division
- located near
nucleus, involved
in cell division
- Endoplasmic
reticulum
- forms channels through cytoplasm,
used for storage, support, synthesis
and transport within the cell
- rough ER contains
ribosomes attached to
outside of membrane
- forms channels through cytoplasm,
used for storage, support, synthesis
and transport within the cell
- Ribosomes
- amino acids
joined together
at ribosomes to
make proteins
- amino acids
joined together
at ribosomes to
make proteins
- Golgi Body
- Cytoskeleton
- assists in cell
movement,
protein fibres
- assists in cell
movement,
protein fibres
- Cell Membrane
- Structure of Cell Membrane
- fluid mosaic model
- phospholipid bilayer; main structure
- contains hydrophilic
and hydrophobic
heads and tails
- contains hydrophilic
and hydrophobic
heads and tails
- cholestrol and protein
molecules embedded
in phopholipid bilayer
- channel proteins, pore
that allows ions, water
and small molecules to
pass through
- fluid mosaic model
- Types of Transport
- Diffusion
- passive, high
conc -> low
conc
- substances: alcohol,
steriods, fat-soluble
substances, O2, CO2
- results in random
movement of
particles
- passive, high
conc -> low
conc
- Osmosis
- passive, diffusion
of water, high
conc -> low conc
- important for
living cells, results
in osmotic pressure
- passive, diffusion
of water, high
conc -> low conc
- Carrier- Mediated
- carrier proteins bind to
molecules for transport,
proteins are specific
- can become
saturated -> max
rate of transport
- carrier proteins can be
regulated by hormones
- carrier proteins bind to
molecules for transport,
proteins are specific
- Facilitated-Diffusion
- passive; still
diffusion, high
-> low conc
- substances: glucose,
amino acids
- passive; still
diffusion, high
-> low conc
- Active Transport
- needs energy,
happens against
conc. gradient,
low -> high conc
- substances:
glucose, certain
ions, amino acids
- needs energy,
happens against
conc. gradient,
low -> high conc
- Vesicular Transport
- always active, needs
energy as vesicles
(memranous bags)
need to be built
- Endocytosis
(into cell) ->
cholestrol,
iron ions
- Pinocytosis (liquids)
Phagocytosis (solids - cell
debris, microrganisms)
- Exocytosis (out of
cell), contents of
vesicles are pushed
out through cell
membrane
- mucus, enzymes,
breastmilk
- mucus, enzymes,
breastmilk
- Endocytosis
(into cell) ->
cholestrol,
iron ions
- always active, needs
energy as vesicles
(memranous bags)
need to be built
- Diffusion
- Tissues
- Epithilium
- covers and lines
organs/hollow
organs, ducts
- location: outer
layer of skin,
lining of stomach,
covering of heart
- covers and lines
organs/hollow
organs, ducts
- Connective
- provides support
and helps hold all
body parts together
- location: bone,
ligaments &
tendons, fat
storage, tissue,
cartilage
- non-cellular material - matrix,
cells not close together
- provides support
and helps hold all
body parts together
- Muscular
- responds to a stimulus
by contracting,
becoming shorter
- skeletal (voluntary,
striated), attaches
to bones
- involuntary (smooth,
non-striated), iris, uterus,
stomach, intestines, walls of
blood vessels
- involuntary (smooth,
non-striated), iris, uterus,
stomach, intestines, walls of
blood vessels
- responds to a stimulus
by contracting,
becoming shorter
- Nervous
- when part of a neuron
is stimulated messages
are carried along these
projections
- location: brain,
spinal cord &
nerves
- when part of a neuron
is stimulated messages
are carried along these
projections
- Epithilium
- Cell Metabolism
- Anabolism -
needs energy, e.g
Protein synthesis
- Catabolism -
releases energy,
e.g Cellular
respiration
- also known as Synthesis
- Catabolism -
releases energy,
e.g Cellular
respiration
- Organic Compounds
- Carbohydrates
- main source of energy,
contains C, H, O2
- simple unit:
Monosaccharides (glucose),
Disachharides (lactose)
- complex unit:
Polysaccharides (starch,
glycogen)
- complex unit:
Polysaccharides (starch,
glycogen)
- main source of energy,
contains C, H, O2
- Proteins
- enzymes and structural materials,
brokendown for energy, contains C,
H, O2, N - often P, S
- simple unit: Amino acids (glycine,
alanine), Peptides (dipeptide)
- complex unit: all Enzymes,
Proteins contain 100+
Amino acids
- complex unit: all Enzymes,
Proteins contain 100+
Amino acids
- enzymes and structural materials,
brokendown for energy, contains C,
H, O2, N - often P, S
- Lipids
- store energy, phopholipid bilayer,
steriods, contains C, H, O2
- simple unit:
Glycerol, Fatty acids
- complex unit:
Triglyceride
- complex unit:
Triglyceride
- store energy, phopholipid bilayer,
steriods, contains C, H, O2
- Nucleic Acids
- RNA, DNA, large
molecules, contains
C,H, O2, N ,P, made of
nucleotides
- simple unit:
RNA
- complex
unit: DNA
- complex
unit: DNA
- RNA, DNA, large
molecules, contains
C,H, O2, N ,P, made of
nucleotides
- Carbohydrates
- Cellular Respiration
- glucose + oxygen -> carbon
dioxide + water + energy
- glucose + oxygen -> carbon
dioxide + water + energy
- ATP/ADP
- tranporter of energy,
Adenosine Triphosphate,
continually recycled
- formed when energy releases,
Adenosine Diphophate can be
reused to store energy from
Cellular Respiration
- tranporter of energy,
Adenosine Triphosphate,
continually recycled
- Anaerobic Respiration
- respiration that does not require
energy, allows cells to produce energy
when no oxygen
- glucose -> lactic acid + energy
- respiration that does not require
energy, allows cells to produce energy
when no oxygen
- Aerobic Respiration
- glucose + oxygen -> carbon
dioxide + water + energy
- requires oxygen
- glucose + oxygen -> carbon
dioxide + water + energy
- Anabolism -
needs energy, e.g
Protein synthesis
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