Learning

Learning

1. Types of Learning

   • 5 and 6
     • Biological, Cultural, and Psychological Factors in Learning
       • Instinctive Drift: The tendency of animals to revert to instinctive behavior that interferes with learning.
       • Preparedness: The species specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others.
     • Cognitive Factors in Learning
   • 1 and 2 and 3
     • Classical Conditioning
       • CC: Learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a naturally meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response.
       • Conditioning
         • (US) Unconditioned Stimulus.
           • A stimulus that produces a response without prior learning.
         • (UR) Unconditioned Response
           • An unlearned reaction that is automatically elicited by the unconditioned stimulus.
         • (CS) Conditioned Stimulus
           • A previously neutral stimulus that elicits a conditioned response after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
         • (CR) Conditioned Response
           • The learned response to the conditioned stimulus-Occurs after conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus pairing.
       • Aquisition
         • The initial learning of the connection between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus when these two stimuli are paired.
           • Contiguity: CS and US are presented close together in time.
           • Contingency: CS must serve as a reliable indicator that the US is on its way.
     • Operant Conditioning
       • OC: A form of associative learning in which the consequences of a behavior change the probability of the behavior's occurrence.
     • Observational Learning
   • Associative Learning: Learning through making an association.
   • Observational Learning: Learning through observing and imitating.

2. Variable/interval/fixed/ratio-Study. Do not currently understand.