MEMORY

MEMORY

1. PROCESS OF MEMORY

   • ENCODING- changing information into a form that can be stored
     • ACOUSTIC ENCODING-taking in information by the way it sounds
       • VISUAL ENCODING- taking in information by what it looks like
         • SENANTIC ENCODING-taking in information by what it means
   • RETRIEVAL- recovering information from storage
   • STORAGE-holding information in the memory system

2. STRUCTURES OF MEMORY

   • MULTI-STORE MODEL- 3 PART MODEL THAT EXPLAINS HOW MEMORY WORKS
     • SENSORY STORE- takes in information from the environment,holds information for a limited amount of time,has a small capacity
     • SHORT TERM STORE-takes information from the SENSORY STORE and sends it to the LONG TERM STORE through rehearsal, can hold 7 items for up to 30 seconds and encodes acoustically
     • LONG TERM STORE- gets information form the SHORT TERM STORE, mainly encodes semantically, can hold large amounts of information for a long period of time
     • EVALUATION
       • STRENGTH
         • supporting evidence from Mursock ( serial position curve study. Confirms LTS and STS are espérate. Increase validity
         • PRACTICAl applications. Teaches student that rehearsal is required to remember information. Increases validity
       • WEAKNESS
         • Does it acoustic for flash bulb memories. Memories of emotional importance do not need to be rehearsed in order to be remembered. Goes against the MSM as it suggests that rehearsal is required to transfer information to LTS. Decreases validity of theory
   • MURDOCKS SERIAL POSITION CURVE STUDY
     • AIM- to provide evidence for the existence of separate LTS and STS with in the MSM
       • STUDY DESIGN- lab study to prevent EV and standardised procedure, increase replicability
         • MERHOD-16 participants were read out a list of 20 words. At the rate of one word per second. They were then asked to recall the words in any order within 90 seconds . It was repeate 80x with the same participants over a few days with different words
           • RESULTS -least amount of words were remembered from the middle. PRIMACY EFFECT- is when ,ore words are recalled from the beGgining than the middle. RECENCY EFFECT - more words are recalled from the end than the the middle
             • CONCLUSION - the primacy effect was due too the participants rehearsing the words at the start of the lis and transferring it to the LTS. RECENCY EFFECT IS BEACAUSE .......................................................
     • EVALUATION
       • STRENGTH- REPLICABLE- DONE IN AN ARTIFICIAL AND CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT WITHA STANDARDISED PROCEDURE. MURDOCK REPEATED THE EXPERIMENT AND FOUND THE SAME RESUTS. INCREASES REPLICABILITY.
       • WEAKNESS- LACKS ECOLOGICAL VALIDIDTY. FOCUSES IN TASKS LIKE REMEMBERING A LIST OF WORDS AND RECALLING THE IN 90SECONDS. WE DONT DO THIS ON A DAY TO DAY BASIS HENCE THE FINDINGS CAN NOT BE APPLIED TO EVERYDAY LIFE