Learning

Learning

1. Classical Conditioning

   • change in reflexive behavior associated with reliable association with a novel environmental stimulus
   • Pavlov
     • food: unconditioned stimulus ->salivation: conditioned stimulus add bell: conditioned stimulus ->food: US->salivation: CS

2. Operant Conditioning

   • changing complex behavior non-reflexively
   • Skinner
     • probability of behavioral response associated with reinforcement or punishment; pigeons playing ping pong
     • reinforcement and punishment
       • positive reinforcement: add something to increase behavior negative reinforcement: take away something negative to increase behavior positive punishment: add something unpleasant to decrease behavior negative punishment: remove something from environment to decrease behavior extinguish to decrease behavior: do nothing
       • schedules
         • fixed-ratio: every nth response variable-ratio: on average every nth response, but mixes it up fixed-interval: every n sec/min variable-interval: on average every n sec/min, but mixes it up variable: difficult to extinguish ratio: more effective for learning