Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt

1. Geography

   • River Nile
     • Floods June to October
     • provides nutrients for soil
     • transport
       • to sail up, use currents
       • to sail down, use wind
   • Sahara Dessert
     • protection from enemies
     • impossible to live in
   • Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea
   • Neighbouring countries
     • Lybia
     • Sudan
     • Israel

2. Social structure

   • Pharaohs
     • Considered god and king
     • govern society
     • run economy
     • manage army
     • ensure the Nile floods
     • balance between good and bad
     • ensure the gods look kindly on the people
   • social pyramid
     • Viziors were just below pharaohs
     • Nobles and priests were under Viziors
     • Scribes were just below nobles and priests
     • Craftsmen
     • farmers and slaves
     • pharaohs were most powerful

3. Religion

   • Gods
     • Re
       • sun god
     • Anubis
       • god of death and mummification
   • Death
     • rituals
       • mummification
         • wrapped in 8-12 layers of bandage
           • prayers are said to protect body
             • body placed in tomb
       • embalming
         • Wash in Nile water and wine
         • intestines, stomach, liver, and lungs removed from left side and placed in jars
         • brain removed through nose with hook
     • afterlife
       • heart measures against feather of ma'at
         • if it is heavier, it is eaten by Hammot
         • if you pass, you merge with oriris if you are a pharaoh
         • if you pass and you aren't a pharaoh, you live in a world nearly the same as the living world

4. Contacts and conflicts

   • Contacts with other countries
     • Sinai Desert
     • Lybia
     • Nubia
     • Byblos
     • Bactria
     • Punt
   • Conflicts with other countries
     • trade issues
     • defence
     • Hyskos
     • Libyans
     • Nubians