Key words and Pschologists

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Key Terms:

Encoding: The process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory.

Storage: Maintaining encoded information over time.

Retrieval: Accessing and recovering stored information when needed.

Sensory Memory: The initial, momentary storage of sensory information.

Short-Term Memory (STM): The part of memory where information is stored for a short period.

Long-Term Memory (LTM): The part of memory with a potentially unlimited capacity and duration.

Working Memory: A system for temporarily holding and manipulating information.

Forgetting: The inability to retrieve information from memory.

Rehearsal: The process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about information to be remembered.

Recall: The act of retrieving information from memory without cues.

Recognition: Identifying previously learned information when presented with it again.

Relearning: Learning information that was previously learned and then forgotten.

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Psychologists

Atkinson and Shiffrin: 1968 Developed the Multi-Store Model of Memory.

Baddeley and Hitch: 1997 proposed the Working Memory Model.

Ebbinghaus: 1885 Known for his research on the forgetting curve and the spacing effect.

Sperling: 1960 Conducted experiments on the sensory memory.

Craik and Lockhart: 1972 Proposed the Levels of Processing theory.

Elizabeth Loftus: 1974 Famous for her work on eyewitness testimony and the misinformation effect.

Peterson and Peterson's: 1959 experiment showed that short-term memory fades within about 18 seconds if information is not rehearsed.