Flashcards
Spoken Language Features
Flashcards do conjunto (35)
- 1Interactional TalkLanguage in conversation used for interpersonal reasons and/or socialising.
- 2Non-fluency FeaturesCharacteristics of spoken language that interrupt the 'flow' of talk. Some exacples include hesitations, false starts, fillers, repetitions, overlaps and interruptions.
- 3Paralinguistic FeaturesRelated to body language - it is the use of gestures, facial expressions and other non-verbal elements (such as laughter) to add meaning to the speakers message beyond the words being spoken.
- 4Phatic TalkConversational utterances that have no concrete purpose other than to establish or maintain personal relationships - similar to 'small talk'.
- 5PragmaticsAn approach to discourse analysis which focuses less on contexts and purposes of people talking to eachother.
- 6Prosodic FeaturesIncludes features such as stress, rhythm, pitch, tempo and intonation. It is essentially, how something is said.
- 7RepairsAn alteration that is suggested or made by a speaker in order to correct or clarify previous conversational contribution.
- 8SociolectA social dialect or variety of speech used by a particular group, such as working-class or upper-class speech.
- 9Tag QuestionStrings of words normall added to a declarative sentence to turn the statement into a question.
- 10Transactional TalkLanguage to get things done or to transmit content or information.
- 11Turn TakingA turn is a time which a single participant speaks, within a typical, orderly arrangement in which participants speak with minimal overlap and gap between them.
- 12UtteranceAn utterance is a complete unit of talk, bounded by the speaker's silence.
- 13Vague LanguageStatements that sound imprecise and unassertive.
- 14AccentThe ways in which words are pronounced. Accent can vary according to the region or social class of a speaker.
- 15Adjacency PairsParallel expressions used across the boundaries of individual speaking turns. They're usually ritualistic and formulaic socially. Eg, 'How are you?' 'Fine thanks'
- 16Back-channelWords, phrases and non-verbal utterances ('I see', 'oh', 'uh huh', 'ahh') used by a listener to give feedback to a speaker that the message is being followed and understood.
- 17ContractionA reduced form, often marked by an apostrophe in writing - 'cannot' 'can't', 'she will' 'she'll'.
- 18Deixis/DeicticsWords such as 'this', 'that', 'here', 'there' which refer backwards or forwards outside a text. It is very dependant on context.
- 19DialectThe distinctive grammar and vocabulary used which is associated with a regional or social use of a language.
- 20Discourse MarkerWords and phrases which are used to signal the relationship and connections between utterances and to show that what is being said can be followed by the listener or reader - eg, 'first', 'on the other hand', 'now', 'anyway'.
- 21ElisionThe ommision or slurring (eliding) of one or more sounds or syllables - gonna = going to, wannabe = want to be
- 22EllipsisThe omission of part of a grammatical structure. For example, 'You going to the party?' has the word 'are' missing.
- 23False StartThis is when the speaker begins an utterance, then stops and either repeats or reformulates it.
- 24FillerItems which do not carry conventional meaning but which are inserted into speech to allow time to think, create a pause or hold a turn in conversation. Examples include 'er', 'um', 'ah', 'like'.
- 25HedgeWords and phrases which soften or weaken the force with which something is said - eg, 'perhaps', 'maybe', 'sort of', 'possibly', 'I think'.
- 26IdiolectAn individually distinctive style of speaking.
- 27AlloiosisBreaking down a subject into alternatives; 'You can either...'
- 28AnadiplosisRepetition of the last word of a linee to begin another: 'We have worked hard to improve our policy on immigration. Immigration; an issue that requires further discussion'.
- 29AnaphoraRepetition of the same word at the beginning of successive clauses: 'It has been an amazing five years - five years of happiness, five years of change...'
- 30ChiasmusWhen the order in the second half of an expression reverses that of the first: 'When the going gets tough, the tough gets going'.
- 31DiacopeRepetition of a word or phrase with one or more words placed in between: 'Give me strength, O Lord, give me strength'.
- 32EpiphoraThe opposite of anaphora. The word is repeated at the end of the successive clauses: 'When I was a child, I spoke like a child, dressed like a child...'
- 33OccupatioEmphasising a point by pointedly seeming to pass it over: 'I will not discuss his crimial record, his several jail terms, the daring escape...'
- 34PathosWhen a speaker appeals directly to the emotions of the audience.
- 35TapinosisDebasing/mocking language. For example, calling an 'air hostess' a 'trolley dolly'.
Informações
- Descrição
- A-Level English Language FlashCards sobre Spoken Language Features, criado por Emilly Todd em 14-04-2015.
- Criado por
- Emilly Todd
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