Population Change

Population Change

1. Population Pyramids

   • Stage 4 : Straight sided, Steady birth rate, High life expectancy, Arched Shaped
   • Stage 1 : Wide Base, High Birth rate, High infant Mortality, Low life expectancy, Pyramid shaped (Concaved)
     • Concave = Early
   • Stage 5 : Large Proportion of elderly, Low birth rate, High life expectancy, Light bulbed shaped (Convexed)
     • Convex = Late

2. Controlling Population

   • Anti-Natalist
     • China (Birth controll)
       • What is it?
         • 1950 = 500m 1972 = 900m
         • One child policy
       • Negatives
         • Abortions carried out at 9 months!
         • Only children become spoilt
         • If female, neglected (female infanticide)
       • Positives
         • Predicted famine didn't occur
         • More technology to go around, better standard of living
         • Unemployment decreased since led demand for jobs
         • About 400m less people born
     • Indonesia (Non birth controll)
       • What was it?
         • Scheme to lower population
         • Incentives to move to other island (1 of 17,500) only if they stayed for 18 months
           • Money, fertiliser, Land
       • Positives
         • Population decreased on Java
         • Some poverty solved, people got land
         • New resources found
       • Negatives
         • Social
           • Natives exterminated for space for new residents
           • Land rights ignored, land to new residents
           • Clashes between religions; Islamist migrants, Christian locals
         • Environmental
           • Farming caused soil erosion and poor soil conditions
           • Destroyed 10% of rainforests
         • Economic
           • $7,000 to each migrating family, worsened economy
           • Settlements poorly planned; few shops, roads, services
         • Political
           • People suggested that this only happened to strengthen national security and control indigenous people
   • Pro-Natalist
     • France (Non birth control)
       • What is it?
         • Developed countries have low fertility rate:
           • Decrease in labour
           • Ageing population = bad
         • Incentives to increase birth rate
       • Incentives
         • £180 a month to families with 3 children
         • 30% reduction on train fare with ''large family card''
         • Free entrance to swimming pools
         • Full tax benefits to parents until youngest child is 18

3. Rapid Population Growth

   • LEDC Rural
     • Overgrazing
     • Water, Land, Air Pollution
     • Shortage Of clean water
     • Lack of basic public services
     • Deforestation, Soil erosion
   • LEDC Urban
     • Overcrowding
     • Traffic Congestion
     • Inadequate Public services
     • Water, Land, Air Pollution
   • Issues as a Whole
     • Shortage of resources
     • Unemployment
     • Lack of money for basic healthcare + Schooling
     • Low living standards
     • Crime

4. Ageing Population

5. Migration

6. Factors affecting population growth

7. Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

Imagens e arquivos do mapa