Nematodes

Nematodes

1. Intestinal

   • Enterobius vermicularis
     • Intestinal infection anal pruritus DX: Scotch tape
     • Transmission: Fecal-oral
     • Rx: bendazoles or pyrantel pomoate
   • Ascaris lumbricoides
     • Transmission: fecal-oral
     • Rx: bendazole or pyrantel pomoate
   • Strongyloides stercoralis
     • Transmission: Larvae penetrate the skin
     • Rx: Ivermectin or albendazole
   • Ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus
     • Transmission: Larvae penetrate the skin
     • Rx: bendazoles or pyrantel pomoate

2. Tissue

   • Onchocerca volvulus
     • Hyperpigmented skin and river blindness; allergic reaction to microfilaria possible
     • Transmission: Female blackfly bite
     • Rx: Ivermectin
   • Loa loa
     • Swelling in skin, worm in conjuctiva
     • Rx: diethylcarbamazine
     • Transmission: Deer fly, horse fly, mango fly
   • Wuchereria bancrofti
     • Blocks lymphatic vessels: elephantiasis takes 9month to 1 year after bite to become symptomatic
     • Transmission: female mosquito
     • Rx: diethylcarbamazine
   • Toxocara canis
     • Visceral larva migrans 
     • Transmission : Fecal-oral
     • Rx: Albendazole/mebendazole