population

population

1. death rate

   • Natural increase
     • the rate of natural increase is the birth rate minus the death rate of a population
   • the ratio of deaths to the population of a particular area during a particular period of time

2. Birth rate

   • the number of live births per thousand of population per year.

3. Demographic transition model

   • Stage 1
     • no longer exist
     • high death rate
     • high birth rate
     • no population growth
     • why?
       • restricted food output
       • epidemic diseases
       • widespread famine
   • Stage 2
     • decline in death rate
     • birthrate remains high
     • natural increase
     • why?
       • improved medical care
       • increased living standards
       • increased food output
       • economic
         • more children means more workers in the field
       • social
         • large families are normal
         • children can look after their parents in their old age
       • political
         • muslim and catholic countries are reluctant to provide education and facilities for family planning
   • Stage 3
     • birth rate falls
     • death rate remains low
     • decreasing natural increase
     • why?
       • family planning
       • birth control policies
       • economic development
       • education
       • costs of bringing up children are high
       • increased educational opportunities for women
   • Stage 4
     • low birth rate
     • low death rate
     • low to no natural increase
   • Advantages
     • useful for comparisons
     • links population to economic and social conditions
   • Disadvantage
     • unforeseen circimstances
       • stage 5
         • natural decrease
     • Takes no account of time taken

4. Young population

   • high fertility rate
     • High birth rate
       • high natural increase
   • Pakistan
     • fertility rate: 5.0

5. Ageing population

   • low fertility rate
     • low birth rate
       • low natural increase
   • Germany
     • fertility rate: 1.3