Mapa mental
Religious language
Conteúdo do mapa
Religious language
what it is..
- religious language focuses on the language we use to describe religion and how we choose to interpret certain language.
religious language uses and purpose
different views on meaningfulness of religious language
Via negative (Apophatic way)
- pseudo-Dionysius the Aereopagite
- Pseudo Dionysius suggested if we were to talk about Good being good, we would describe him as good and not good. this is because we do not know what it means to say God Is Good.
- Moses Maimonides
- Moses Miamonides was a jewish philosopher of the 12th century. in his writings he emphasized the use of negative terminology to describe God.
- In his book ' The guid for the perplexed, he pointed out humans can know god exists but not knoq anything about gof brvause God is not like human beings. Miamodes suggested this way is mentioned in jewish scriptures where he states, I am who I am.
- Moses Miamonides was a jewish philosopher of the 12th century. in his writings he emphasized the use of negative terminology to describe God.
- reasons for rejecting the via affirmitica (cataphatic way)
- one flaw to this argument is by talking about what god isn't, it leaves the question open, what Is God...
- The via negative suggests God can only be spoken in negitive terms as god is transcendent so you cannot say what God is. but you can clearly say what God is not the idea comes from Plotinus who looked at platos formed and came to the conclusion that God is out of this world
- pseudo-Dionysius the Aereopagite
verification principle
- verification is a philosophical movement which claims that language is only meaningful if it can be verified by a sense observation ( gaining a sense of knowledge through the senses or it is tautology- (saying of the same thing twice over in different words)
- Viena circle
- The Vienna circle was the Concern of if language was meaningful. it was From philosophers prominent after the WWI :1907 Neurath otto sociologist –haans Hahn mathematician ,Philip frank physiphist It flourished after 1922 shlick (professor of the philosophy of the inductive sciences) assumed leadership.
- it Influenced by modern theories in science. the group was Interested in new developments in logic. Represented by Frege, Russell , and Whitehead. Also interested in the arguments of Wittgenstein. Some of the meetings were devoted to reading his works. tractatus logico’ philosophicus 1921 Lasted for a little more than a decade. Many of its leaders were jewish, and marksist’s. they left with the rise of Naziism Shlick was shot by an insane student on the way to the lecture Logical positivism Ideas were bought to the attention of the British/English A.J Ayer
- The Vienna circle was the Concern of if language was meaningful. it was From philosophers prominent after the WWI :1907 Neurath otto sociologist –haans Hahn mathematician ,Philip frank physiphist It flourished after 1922 shlick (professor of the philosophy of the inductive sciences) assumed leadership.
- A.J Ayer
- A.J Ayer, a british philosopher supported the verificarion theory. \'the criteria we use to test the genuineness of apparent statements of fact is criterion of verifiability' ayer suggested we should follow a procedure called the putative proposition.
- first, practical verifiability nedded to be distinguished from verifiability in principle. practical verifiability could be statements tested in reality
- A strong or weak verification also needed to be tested. this is how universal the verification is.
- first, practical verifiability nedded to be distinguished from verifiability in principle. practical verifiability could be statements tested in reality
- A.J Ayer, a british philosopher supported the verificarion theory. \'the criteria we use to test the genuineness of apparent statements of fact is criterion of verifiability' ayer suggested we should follow a procedure called the putative proposition.
- Ludwig Wittgenstein, Picture theory of language and later rejection
- John Hick eshantological verification
- Richard Swinburne and the toys in a cupboard
falsification principle
- Falsification: ‘falsification is a philosophical theory that assertion is meaningless if there is no way it can be falsified’ (proven false) elves hide in the forest and come out when nobody is looking
- parable of the gardener
- Once upon a time two explorers came upon a clearing in the jungle. In the clearing were growing many flowers and many weeds. One explorer says, “Some gardener must tend this plot.” So they pitch their tents and set a watch. No gardener is ever seen. “But perhaps he is an invisible gardener.” So they set up a barbed-wire fence. They electrify it. They patrol with bloodhounds. (For they remember how H. G. Wells’ The Invisible Man could be both smelt and touched though he could not be seen.) But no shrieks ever suggest that some intruder has received a shock. No movements of the wire ever betray an invisible climber. The bloodhounds never give cry. Yet still the Believer is not convinced. “But there is a gardener, invisible, intangible, insensible to electric shocks, a gardener who has no scent and makes no sound, a gardener who comes secretly to look after the garden which he loves.” At last the Skeptic despairs, “But what remains of your original assertion? Just how does what you call a
- The hypothesis that a gardener comes to the clearing is not actually a genuine scientific hypothesis because the believer in the gardener does not accept falsification.
- Once upon a time two explorers came upon a clearing in the jungle. In the clearing were growing many flowers and many weeds. One explorer says, “Some gardener must tend this plot.” So they pitch their tents and set a watch. No gardener is ever seen. “But perhaps he is an invisible gardener.” So they set up a barbed-wire fence. They electrify it. They patrol with bloodhounds. (For they remember how H. G. Wells’ The Invisible Man could be both smelt and touched though he could not be seen.) But no shrieks ever suggest that some intruder has received a shock. No movements of the wire ever betray an invisible climber. The bloodhounds never give cry. Yet still the Believer is not convinced. “But there is a gardener, invisible, intangible, insensible to electric shocks, a gardener who has no scent and makes no sound, a gardener who comes secretly to look after the garden which he loves.” At last the Skeptic despairs, “But what remains of your original assertion? Just how does what you call a
- RM hare parable of the lunatic
- Hare’s response is that religious beliefs are what he calls “bliks” . he uses the Example of the insane university student who believes all dons out to get him. While lunatic’s view cannot be proven or disproven, it profoundly alters the lunatic’s life. Dons have a sane blik (not no blik at all)
- • However, Hick criticises Hare for distinguishing between right and wrong bliks. This distinction is ruled out by Hare’s insistence that bliks are unverifiable and unfalsifiable.
- Hare’s response is that religious beliefs are what he calls “bliks” . he uses the Example of the insane university student who believes all dons out to get him. While lunatic’s view cannot be proven or disproven, it profoundly alters the lunatic’s life. Dons have a sane blik (not no blik at all)
- Basil mitchell
- Mitchell wanted to maintain that religious statements are genuinely factual though not straightforwardly falsifiable. he Uses the story of the partisan . A resistance fighter meets a stranger who claims to be the head of the entire Resistance. The fighter believes him, but is warned by the stranger that his faith will be sorely tested – at times the stranger will be apparently working with the enemy. The fighter maintains his belief even when he sees the stranger in the uniform of the occupying force
- • Mitchell’s point is that the partisan does not deny that there is strong evidence. To remain sane, he must accept the reality of the evidence against his belief. If he does not he is “guilty of a failure of faith as well as logic”. If the believer does not accept that there is strong evidence against the belief in a loving God, then the believer is guilty of self delusion.
- However, the believer does not just have faith, he has reason for his faith – belief in the personal character of the Stranger. Hick further glosses Mitchell’s parable in two important ways: The stranger himself knows whether he is telling the truth, even though the partisan is not in a position to make the judgement When the war is over the truth will emerge.
- • Mitchell’s point is that the partisan does not deny that there is strong evidence. To remain sane, he must accept the reality of the evidence against his belief. If he does not he is “guilty of a failure of faith as well as logic”. If the believer does not accept that there is strong evidence against the belief in a loving God, then the believer is guilty of self delusion.
- Mitchell wanted to maintain that religious statements are genuinely factual though not straightforwardly falsifiable. he Uses the story of the partisan . A resistance fighter meets a stranger who claims to be the head of the entire Resistance. The fighter believes him, but is warned by the stranger that his faith will be sorely tested – at times the stranger will be apparently working with the enemy. The fighter maintains his belief even when he sees the stranger in the uniform of the occupying force
paul tilich and symbol
Rudolf Bultmann and myth
Sally McFague and metaphor
Thomas Aquinas and analogy
Language game
Informações
- Descrição
- A-Level Philosophy and Ethics (A2-philosophy) Mapa Mental sobre Religious language, criado por Aidan S.G em 25-06-2016.
- Criado por
- Aidan S.G
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