WORLD DEV Theme 1 Case Studies

THOMAS MALTHUS - PESSIMIST

• PLACE: CHINA
• MALTHUSIAN CRISIS: Population grown outstrips available resources
• TIMELINE OF CHINA:
• Pre 1950: Birth encouraged for a strong country
• 1959: Serious famine killing 20 million (POSITIVE CHECK)
• 1960: Government wanted to avoid another crisis
• 1974: Government encouraged 'wan-xi-shao' (later,longer, fewer) - PROPAGANDA
• 1979: ONE CHILD POLICY - Prevented 400 million births
• ONE CHILD POLICY:
• Pressure to use protection
• Enforced abortions
• Strict limit on number of children
• FAMILY PLANNING:
• LATER marriage
• LONGER age gap between children
• FEWER children
• ONE CHILD POLICY:

ESTER BOSERUP - OPTIMIST

• PLACE: INDIA
• THEORY: "Necessity is the mother of invention"
• TIMELINE OF INDIA:
• 1998: Hit 1 billion people
• 1960s: Population increased by 2%
• 1961: On brink of mass famine
• THE GREEN REVOLUTION:
• 'Package' of technologies allowing for agricultural improvments
• WHAT THE GREEN REVOLUTION INCLUDES:
• Fertilisers
• Pesticides
• Herbicides
• Mechanisation
• G.M.Os
• AFFECTS OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION:
• First country to benefit from the High-Yielding Variety Seed Programmer in 1966
• 5 new hybrid cereals
• Shorter growing season - increases productivity - increases profits
• Hybrids are drought resistant

GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE - ASPARAGUS

• PLACE: PERU
• - Population of 30 million
• - Arid and dry country in South America
• - GDP per capita is $10,500
• - Grown in the Ica Valley, in The Andes
• ASPARAGUS:
• 8,000 tonnes imported into the UK each year
• Flown 6300 miles from Peru
• ADVANTAGES:
• Boosted Peru's economy
• Created over 10,000 new jobs in poor areas - increase ones wages
• Created new skills
• DISADVANTAGES:
• Overuse of water resources - large water footprint=
• Water falling 8m a year in some places
• Water to main cities under threat
• Diseases can spread

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - URBAN

• PLACE: CURITIBA, BRAZIL
• PROBLEMS IN CURITIBA:
• - Rapid population growth since 1950s
• - Large economic migration from rural to urban areas:
• Unemplyment
• Congestion
• Lack of services
• Growth of squatter settlements
• SOLUTIONS:
• TRANSPORT:
• -Bus lanes were built
• -5 arterial roads with 5 concentric roads that circle the centre with an additional 300km of feeder roads
• - Public transport now used by 75% of commuters
• -There is 25% less congestion
• RECYCLING:
• - GREEN EXCHANGE: low income workers give sorted recycling and rubbish in return for food and bus tickets
• - Given the award for highest environmental award
• - Has recycled up to 7,000 skyscrapers of rubbish
• - Created jobs at recycling plants
• - The city recycles 2/3 of its waste
• PARKS AND OPEN SPACES
• - 26 parks and woodland areas around the city
• - Turns river banks into parks to prevent building which leads to flooding
• -Stops squatters creating slums
• - 100km of cycle paths connecting to the bus network to encourage people to use cycle and take the bus

Slide 5