Memory - created from Mind Map

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Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) Multi-store Memory Model

Short Term Memory

Long Term Memory:

Retrieval Failure

Encoding: Conrad (1964) acoustic

Duration: Peterson & Peterson (1959) 30 secs

Capacity: Miller (1956) 7±2 items

Forgetting

recall similar sounding and looking letters (similar sounding more difficult to recall)

(consonant trigrams)

numbers

Decay: memory fades away without rehearsal

Displacement: new info replaces old info

Waugh & Norman (1965) serial probe task

Capacity: unlimited

Duration: unlimited

Encoding: mainly semantic

procedural, episodic, semantic

tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

retrieval cues

recall and recognition

interference

context effects

emotional effects

inference

Tulving (1983): encoding specificity principle (same cues must be present when learning and retrieving)

Godden & Baddeley (1975): context dependent (divers)

Carter & Cassaday (1998): state dependent (antihistamine)

Loftus (1979): weapons effect

Yerkes Dodson Law: inverted U for anxiety

Yuille & Cutshall (1986): real life shooting (accurate recall so opposes Loftus 1979)

Loftus (1975)

smashed vs hit

'did you see any broken glass?'