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AP PSYCH UNIT 7

Hina Shah AP psychology Grade 12 English 57 cards

Cards in this deck (57)

  1. 1memorylearning that persists over time
  2. 2how do we remember something?we must:
    1.) encode it into a memory
    2.)store it
    3.) retrieve memory into consciousness when needed
    *a problem at any stage causes u unable to remember something
    *every time you learn something new your brains neural connections change
  3. 33 stage model of memory1.)sensory memory: disspears rapidly if it isn't transferred
    2.)encode info to short term (working) memory.
    -working memory links info with previous stored memories
    3.) encode to long term memory through rehersal
  4. 4Parallel ProcessingThe processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously
  5. 5Effortful ProcessingEncoding that requires attention and conscious effort (relates to explicit)
  6. 6Automatic ProcessingUnconscious encoding of incidental information ie. Space, Time, etc. (relates to Implicit)
  7. 7Explicit MemoryMemories of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"
  8. 8Implicit MemoriesRetention independent of conscious recollection (ie. Reading, driving)
  9. 9Working MemoryShort Term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of auditory and visual-spatial information. (When you repeat to yourself)
  10. 10Iconic Memory(sensory memory) a quick sensory memory of visual stimuli ie. seeing
  11. 11Echoic Memory(sensory memory) A quick memory of auditory stimuli ie.hearing
  12. 12Chunking(memory strategy) grouping information into familiar and manageable units (ex. grouping food items into fruits, veggies, snacks etc.)
  13. 13MnemonicsAssociating words with pictures/acronyms to help remember ie. HOMES = Great Lakes
  14. 14Spacing EffectThe tendency to stay over a long/spaced period of time rather than a cramming session
  15. 15Testing EffectTesting yourself on the topic rather than rereading the information - causes enhanced memory.
  16. 16Shallow ProcessingEncoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance. (ie. a word's letters, a words sound)
  17. 17Deep Processing (Semantic Processing)Making connections with new information to existing knowledge (the deeper/more meaningful the processing, the better our retention)
  18. 18Flashbulb MemoryA clear memory of an emotionally significant moment/event
  19. 19Long Term Potentiation (LTP)Neural basis for learning and memory. Neurons become more efficient at releasing and sensing the presence of neurotransmitters, and more connections develop between neutrons.
  20. 20RecallA measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier (ie. fill-in-the-blank test)
  21. 21RecognitionA measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned (ie. multiple choice test)
  22. 22RelearningRefreshing your memory after a long time
  23. 23Mood-Congruent MemoryThe tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. (ie. when you're in a bad mood, you will remember other instances when you were also in a bad mood)
  24. 24Serial Position EffectOur tendency to recall best the last and first items on a list.
  25. 25Anterograde AmnesiaInability to form new memories
  26. 26Retrograde AmnesiaInability to retrieve information from one's past
  27. 27Proactive InterferenceThe disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
  28. 28Retroactive InterferenceThe disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information (ex. if someone sings new lyrics to the tune of an old song, you may have trouble remembering the original words)
  29. 29Infantile AmnesiaNot remembering the first new months/years after birth
  30. 30Misinformation EffectIncorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event. Peoples memories can be easily influenced by the wording of questions used to elicit them.
  31. 31Source AmnesiaHearing something then constructing a memory around it; forgetting the source
  32. 32Imagination InflationSimply imagining a memory can lead us to remember it later
  33. 33Memory ConstructionWhen we retrieve a memory we are actually re-creating it and filling in missing details (aka confabulation)
  34. 34PrototypeA mental image or best set of a category. (ie. Bird=Robin)
  35. 35ConceptA mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people
  36. 36Convergent ThinkingNarrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution
  37. 37Divergent ThinkingExpands the number of possible problem solutions.
  38. 38Mental SetA tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
  39. 39IntuitionAn effortless, intermediate automatic feeling or thought
  40. 40Conformation BiasTendency to seek out information that confirms out beliefs not disproves them
  41. 41AlgorithmStep by step methods of solving a problem
  42. 42HeuristicMental short cut
  43. 43InsightSudden understanding of a problems solution
  44. 44OverconfidenceOverestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgement
  45. 45Representative HeuristicJudging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent particular prototypes (may lead us to ignore other relevant information)
  46. 46Availability HeuristicEstimating the Likelihood of events based on their availability in memory. if instances come readily to mind we presume such events are common
  47. 47Belief PerseveranceClinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
    (Once we form a belief it takes more compelling evidence to change them than it took to form them)
  48. 48FramingThe way we present information affects how people react to it. (ex. Doctor tells patient there's 90% chance of survival vs. telling there's 10% chance of death)
  49. 49PhomemeThe smallest distinctive sound unit
  50. 50MorphemeThe smallest unit that carries meaning (ex. -ing)
  51. 51GrammarThe systems of rules which tie together units in language
  52. 52Babbling Stage(4 months) stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters sounds
  53. 53One Word Stage(Age 1-2) a child speaks mostly single words (ex. MUM. CAT)
  54. 54Telegraphic Speech(Age 2) Early speech stage in which as child speaks like a telegram using mostly sounds and verbs (ex. GIVE MILK)
  55. 55AphasiaImpairment of language
    Broca's Area: Controls language expression - speech
    Wernicke's Area: Controls language reception - comprehension
  56. 56Linguistic DeterminismWhorf's hypotheses that language determines the way we think
  57. 57Noam ChomskySuggested: Humans are born with an innate predisposition to seek out grammar

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Grade 12 AP psychology Flashcards on AP PSYCH UNIT 7, created by Hina Shah on 20/12/2017.
Created by
Hina Shah · Dec 2017
Updated
Dec 21, 2017
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