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Breadth 1

becky sharrock Tudors A level English 124 cards

Cards in this deck (124)

  1. 1key words patronagethe distribution of land, offices or favours, through direct access either to the monarch or to their chief ministers
  2. 2key words Act of Attainderallowed a king to declare someone guilty by Act of Parliament without trial.
    -all property taken
    -was reversible, used it to control people, he could reward good behaviour with partial or full reversal
  3. 3key words annatespayments that churchmen made to Rome when they were appointed to a new position in the Church
  4. 4key words Benefit of the clergyany criminal who proved they were a member of the clergy could be tried by a Church court rather than a royal one, so could avoid harsher punishment
  5. 5key words convocationThe Church's version of parliament
  6. 6key words Anticlericalismdislike/criticism of the Church and its clergy
    -paved way for Protestantism, though some Catholics were still ciritical
  7. 7key words Humanistdidn't want to break from Catholic Church but critical of superstitions, wealth and corruption, Catholic Church needing reform
    e.g. Desiderus Erasmu
  8. 8key words Books of Common Prayer 1549 and 1552Thomas Cranmer wrote both
    -set out liturgy (wording) of all church services
    -use of prayer books enforced by statute law
  9. 9key words The Eltham OrdianancesReforms that proposed a smaller Council of 20 men who would travel with the king
    -presented as a cost-cutting measure, it was an attempt of Wolsey to restrict access to the king, control political influence
  10. 10the Tudor hierarchy1. God
    2. The monarch
    3. nobility: dukes, earls, vicounts, barons, lords
    4. gentry: knights, esquires
    5. yeomen and artisans
    6. peasants
    7. vagrants and beggars
    (could rise/fall in ranks)
  11. 11a wise monarch would...-controlled the nobility and gentry but also listen to them, they were the eyes and ears on a local level and would deal with local trouble
    -be seen to take advice
  12. 12the nobility-nobility: 40-60 men
    -noble families held approx 10% of land available for cultivation
    -saw themselves as friends and advisers to the monarch, when this broke down caused rebellion (often)
  13. 13the gentry-5,000 gentry families
    -originally had a military role but increasingly involved in local gov
    -landowners
  14. 14Yeomen and artisansyeomen:
    -farmers who owned their land
    -John Guy: 60,000 by 1600
    artisans:
    -skilled craftsmen
  15. 15Peasants-most of eng pop lived in rural communities
    -worked on land for landlord
    -most vulnerable to social/economic change
    -2/5 of english pop living on margins of supporting themselves minimally
  16. 16Vagrants/beggars-roamed countryside
    -seen as a threat to social order, their movement could lead to spread of rumours and dangerous ideas
    -so harshly treated and punished under Tudor Acts of Parliament
  17. 17the monarchy and government-seen to take advice
    -decisions on religion and foreign policy
    -powers curbed by Magna Carta and by other branches of gov like parliament and the Royal Council (those who ignored these e.g. Richard 2+3 were seen as tyrants)
  18. 18The Royal Court (informal)-followed the monarch
    -provided display and entertainment
    -if people wanted power they would go to the Court to seek patronage
    -emphasised monarch's power to visitors through plays and tournaments
  19. 19The Royal Household (informal)-wide range of people who moved about country with monarch
    -responsible for ruler's domestic needs
    -100s: kitchens, gardens
    -changed size depending on monarch
    -very expensive so, Eltham Ordinances by Wolsey to cut costs in 1526 (unsuccessful)
  20. 20The Privy Chamber (informal)-rooms where the king and family lived
    -beyond the Great Hall was series of increasingly private rooms
    -Watching Chamber: guard room
    -The Presence Chamber, throne and dining room for the monarch, where news and gossip cold flow.
    -beyond Presence Chamber was truly Privy Chamber
  21. 21Privy Chamber under Henry VII-feared betrayal of those he trusted
    -used it to restrict access to him
    -Yeomen of the Guard: personal bodyguards, guarded entrance
    -store royal income, he monitored personally
  22. 22Privy Chamber under Henry VIII-David Starkey showed under Henry it became a political hub
    -own staff, known as Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber
    -Groom of the Stool (in charge of toilet)
    -Filled with H's friends (gentry/nobles)
    -acted as advisers. e.g. sent on diplomatic mission to France
  23. 23dry stamp-by 1540s, Privy Chamber meant access to dry stamp, kept by Gentlemen of the Chamber
    -1540s faction led by Seymour, Dudley gained control of stamp. could make alterations to king's will
  24. 24Privy Chamber under Edward VI-access to him and dry stamp was controlled through Privy Chamber
    -filled with supporters of the protectors, first Seymour, then Dudley
  25. 25Privy Chamber under Mary I-physical contact with ruler (now women)
    -attendants like Frances Waldegrave married to members of royal household (who was Master of the Great Wardrobe)
    -kept her dry stamp under lock and key
    -Charles V wrote to ambassador to say some of the ladies were using their position to gain patronage
  26. 26Privy Chamber under Elizabeth I-declined in political importance
    -appointed wives of key councilors e.g. wife of Earl of Leicester
    -after reforms in 1559, politics and major decisions made through formal channels of her Council not Chamber
  27. 27The Royal Council (formal)-chosen by monarch
    -helped with day to day running of country
    -acted as judicial court, especially in cases relating to nobility
    -became more formal after 1540, when it was known at the Privy Council
  28. 28The Royal Council under Henry VII-larger, more informal than under next H
    -1485-1509, 200 men attended meetings
    -mix of nobles, churchmen, royal officials and lawyers. included 42 men who had served Edward IV and Richard III
    -Henry was a usurper so needed advice
    -John Morton had long career
  29. 29The Royal Council under Henry VII-H didn't have regular parliaments meetings so Council important for seeing popular opinion and country mood
    -H used 'Great Council': gathering of all nobility and Councillors, used for issues on war and tax. seemed like he included all nobility in decisions, but had made up mind. e.g. ending invasion of France
  30. 30The Royal Council under Henry VIII, early years-took throne at 17. Henry VII left Council to help e.g. Archbishop of Canterbury William Warham, and Bishop of Winchester, Richard Fox. (against wars)
    -Henry VIII wanted to prove himself against France and Scotland
    -Wolsey replaced Fox and Warham, provided war
  31. 31The Royal Council under Henry VIII, early years-Wolsey dominant til he fell from power 1529. undertook day to day running of gov
    -Wolsey help Council keep traditional job
    -40 men
    -Wolsey's Eltham Ordinances to reduce to 20 men who met daily (not success)
    -became Privy Council
  32. 32Reform of Royal/Privy Council, 1540 historians-Elton said part of Thomas Cromwell's attempt to modernise and reform gov
    -Guy says the changes were a temporary response to the crisis of PoG
    -smaller Council 1536-7 was emergency body, filled with King's trusted advisers, many political enemies of Cromwell e.g. Norfolk. if cromwell had instigated he wouldn't have chosen such men
  33. 33Reform of Royal/Privy Council, 1540-smaller council=Privy Council.
    -reformed to avoid repeat power of men like Wolsey and Cromwell
    -new Council responsible for work done by Wolsey and Cromwell
    -e.g. Norfolk said people shouldn't write to an individual but them as a group
    -privy council became 'chief minister'
  34. 34Changes to the Privy Council Edward-Edward needed more councilors (child)
    -Seymour as protector, undermined the Council's role, preferring to rule using men from his household e.g. Sir John Thynne
    -Somerset's bro in law, Sir Michael Stanhope:chief gentlemen of the Privy Chamber, groom of stool, dry stamp. but never member of Council
  35. 35Changes to the Privy Council Edward-Northumberland replaced Somerset, seen to govern through Council
    -Northumberland manipulated Council and King, ensuring key supporters e.g. Sir John Gates controlled access to Edward
    -hatched the Lady Jane Grey plot
  36. 36Privy Council Mary-men appointed to seem inclusive
    -only small core active regularly
    -meetings run by e.g. william Paget, return to 1540s style
    -avrg attendance at Council meetings: 12, 1555. only 8 went to over 50%
    -own seal, but didn't override dry stamp
  37. 37Privy Council Elizabeth-council permanent, small group of trusted advisers
    -role changed
    -travelled with Eliz
    -ran the country's admin and legal matters daily
  38. 38the increasing role of the council-tasks were varied, and increasing
    -from 1540 could issue proclamations in monarch's name; own clerk
    -increasingly seen as serving the country
    -more admin work. day-to-day admin. to cope ended up meeting 3 or 4 times a week (1520-60s). by 1590s they met every day, sometimes 2 times a day
  39. 39Development of the role of the Secretary general role-personal secretary to the monarch
    -part of Royal Household
    -control of privy seal, close access to monarch
    -first became important when Thomas Cromwell was dominant
  40. 40Development of the role of the Secretary Thomas Cromwell-1534-40
    -never Lord Chancellor but manipulated his position to make himself powerful
    -controlled Council meetings
    -access to private correspondence
    -knew Henry's day to day business
  41. 41Development of the role of the Secretary Wriothesely and Sadler-1540
    -decline in roles political importance
    -split between 2 men, maybe due to increased work, or to make sure neither exploited position
    -neither as powerful as Cromwell
  42. 42Development of the role of the Secretary William Cecil-1558-1572
    -her most trusted advisor
    -role important again. role permanently important under Eliz
  43. 43Secretary's role under Elizabeth-use it to enhance their own power
    -conduct day to day running of gov on Queen's behalf
    -council meetings well run
    -sift through info sent to them
    -deal with queen
  44. 44Development of the role of the Secretary Walsingham1573-1590
    -equally as influential as Cecil
    -held office until death
    -spymaster general
  45. 45Development of the role of the Secretary William Davison-1586
    -dangerous: kept death warrant for Mary QoS execuion. Eliz said not to send it, but Council decided it should be
    -Eliz blamed Davison: imprisoned and fined 10,000 marks. eventually released
  46. 46Development of the role of the Secretary Robert Cecil-1596
    -Refused to replace Walsingham for 6 yrs
    -Cecil used position to build supporters
    -access to queen's correspondence and info on available positions. Cecil ensured patronage given to his cients, and that followers of rival Earl of Essex not rewarded
  47. 47Post of Lord Lieutenant Before-local gov controlled by nobility, gentry and some yeomen and artisans
    -Roles: Justices of Peace, tax, law, armies
    -but some abused their position e.g. in War of the Roses (armies against king)
  48. 48Post of Lord Lieutenant Henry VIII-extension of power into localities and improv military recruitment as response to threat of foreign and domestic war
    -1512 + 1545 commissions to nobles to organise defence against France + Scot.
    -1536 commission to deal with threat of PoG
  49. 49Post of Lord Lieutenant Edward VI-1549, Duke of Northumberland (protector), chose some nobility as Lieutenants to deal with rebellions
    -expected to have policing and military role at local level
  50. 50Post of Lord Lieutenant Mary I-tried to formalise system due to demands of war with France
    -1557-8 noble and gentry found it hard to get troops
    -so Mary divided the country into 10 lieutenancies, each Lieutenant responsible for defence of their region and military recruitment
    -However, only during war w/France
  51. 51Post of Lord Lieutenant Elizabeth I-post became permenant
    -due to war with Spain 1585-1604
    -Lord Lieutenants and deputy in each county. local officials obey them
    -job: organise war effort, recruit army, armies armed, trained and disciplined
  52. 52Post of Lord Lieutenant positives-harnessed most powerful men in country, in service of the Crown
    -reinforced idea of defenders of country
    -troops for national army not 'private' so answered to monarch, could be punished
    -common for Council members to be Lieutenants, enhancing link between central gov and localities
    -Ls gather info on local conditions, system ran smoothly
    -monarch control country more directly
  53. 53Post of Lord Lieutenant however-local communities could refuse to cooperate with Lieutenants
    -e.g. in Suffolk and Wiltshire in 1590s
  54. 54Church-State relations what rights did parliament have?-right to grant tax (often for wars) and pass laws (Acts of Parliament)
    -monarchs could still veto laws, and dismiss/summon parliament
    -long periods where they didn't meet
    -but monarchs used it to test mood of country and communicate policies to MPs
  55. 55Church-State relations how was parliament organised-unelected House of Lords (bishops, hereditary), elected House of Commons (MPs)
    -to vote you had to own property which generated income of 40 shillings per year
    -nobles used patronage to ensure clients were elcted
  56. 56Church-State relations how was parliament organised-e.g. dukes of Norfolk influence the return of MPs in 8 boroughs
    -represent landed gentry/nobles
    -didn't always agree with monarch e.g. over tax fiance, religion and royal succession. these normally due to church/state change
  57. 57Church-State relations Role of parliament under Henry VII-didn't want war so didn't call P often. didn't need tax, long gaps usual
    -H called P 7 times in a 24 yr reign
    -H called P, normally for tax, P accepted
    -BUT 1504, Commons opposed, H accepted smaller tax than he had asked for
  58. 58Church-State relations Henry VII (Commons and first parliament)-Commons right to challenge taxation and could threaten to withhold tax until problems addressed
    -H's first parliament after Bosworth was to enhance his claim as king. P accepted his claim, passed series of Acts of Attainder
  59. 59Church-State relations early parliament of Henry VIII 1509-23-only met 4 times 1509-29
    -mainly for tax for wars (France + Scot)
    -when wars good (1513), tax granted easily, but by 1517 Henry lost gains, parliament didn't want to grant more tax landowners MPs, feared rebellion from more tax)
  60. 60Church-State relations Henry VIII Wolsey affair-1523, Wolsey met opposition from Commons. £288,814 raised in tax, and loans which hadn't been repaid totally £260,000
    -Wolsey tried to persuade MPs for tax, but they remained silent
  61. 61Church-State relations Henry VIII early, overallapart from 1523, parliament-king relations were good.
    -little change from Henry VI
    -but this changed after 1529 when Henry used parliament to get annulment
  62. 62The role of the Tudor Church before 1529 power/wealth-Roman Catholic church v powerful, wealthy and influential. own hierarchy
    -head of Catholic Church was pope, chosen by God, power to appoint churchmen in theory, but in practice this done by king
    -church was biggest landowner in England
  63. 63The role of the Tudor Church before 1529 Morality/social (souls, service)-church taught Heaven, Hell and Purgatory
    -regular services crucial
    -help souls through good works, confession, praying to saints, pilgrimages
    -Mass: celebrate Last Supper. Bread and wine, transubstantiation
  64. 64The role of the Tudor Church before 1529 Morality/social (people's daily lives, and where especially)-beliefs/practices part of ordinary lives: baptism, confirmation, marriage, funerals, alms, care for sick/elderly
    -biggest landowner in Eng. traditions part of everyday life, particularly in remote areas: York, Cornwall, Devon
    -festivals: saint days, Easter, Lent. would date letters according to religious festivals not day/month
  65. 65The role of the Tudor Church before 1529 anticlericalism-many clergy held multiple posts (aka pluralism) so little contact with people they were meant to serve
    -corruption and exploitation of people's fears of souls after death e.g. sale of indulgences criticised
  66. 66Indulgencesa document that could be bought from Church officials, it offered forgiveness for sins and promised to decrease the amount of time that a soul would spend in purgatory
  67. 67The role of the Tudor Church before 1529 anticlericalism-Humanist thinkers criticised wealth and power of church. original church meant to be poor with humble priests
    -church out of touch. ordinary worshippers couldn't understand, worship of saints seen as superstitious and non biblical
  68. 68The role of the Tudor Church before 1529 education-services+Bible in Latin, can't understand. clever boys could take church route to power/status: monasteries offered uni @ oxbridge e.g. Thomas Wolsey
    -main source of education, papacy guarded Church's right to censor ideas, could prosecute challengers as heretics, punishment burning at the stake
  69. 69The role of the Tudor Church before 1529 popularity-ordinary people contribute to local church to buy new jewels and vestments. (re)building local churches widespread. almost 2/3s of English parish churches built or rebuilt during 15th cent
    -wealthiest left money in wills to pay for their souls after death
  70. 70Relations between the Tudor state and Church before 1529 Tensions-tensions over power+privileges of Church, especially when challenging power of monarchy over England
    -e..g appointment of senior churchmen, and Church's rights over sanctuary and benefit of clergy
  71. 71Sanctuaryanyone accused of crime could seek santuary in a church. meant they were protected by Church from arrest by authorities for 40 days
  72. 72Relations between the Tudor state and Church before 1529 Papal intervention-English monarchs guard their powers/ rights to control English Church
    -papal, foreign intervention could be seen as attack on power of English kings
  73. 73Relations between the Tudor state and Church before 1529 Henry VII (needs and eg of overriding power of church)-needed support of Church as meant support from God for his victory at Bosworth
    -upheld traditional privileges of Church, except when threatened his power e.g. Henry override sanctuary laws to arrest Humphrey Stafford, who had plotted to rebel against him in 1486
  74. 74Relations between the Tudor state and Church before 1529 Henry VII (law passed)-1489 and 1491, H passed laws tightening control over who claimed benefit of clergy, but this seemed like it was attempt to ensure those claiming this privilege were genuinely members of clergy, not attack on Church's powers
  75. 75Relations between the Tudor state and Church before 1529 Henry VII and papacy-good relations with papacy
    -e.g. ensured pop appointed H's own candidate, John Morton, to Archbishop of Canterbury
  76. 76Relations between the Tudor state and Church before 1529 Anticlericalism-sometimes expressed in parliament
    -e.g. 1512, Act to limit benefit of clergy
    -parliament 1515, anticlericalism exacerbated by the Hunne Affair
  77. 77The Hunne Case-London Merchant whose son died
    -He refused to pay the mortuary fee (for burial)
    -sent to prison. in 1514 he was found hanged in his cell. Church said is was suicide, but rumour it was murder.
    -tried+accused of heresy: burnt
    -caused anger in London, fuelled anticlericalism in parliament
  78. 78Relations between the Tudor state and Church before 1529 Assertio Septem Sacramentorum-means "the defence of the Seven Sacraments"
    -supported teachings of the Catholic Church, attacked ideas of Martin Luther
  79. 79Relations between the Tudor state and Church before 1529 Wolsey (clergyman)-Henry had good relations with papacy, so secured Wolsey top level positions in the Church e.g. bishoprics of Durham and Bath
    -second highest position in Eng church, Archbishopric of York 1514
    -1515 made Cardinal, potential to be pope
  80. 80Relations between the Tudor state and Church before 1529 Wolsey's divided loyalites-power in Eng church and gov
    -reforms in Churches (1524-9 he closed 30 monasteries)
    -before 1527 he could join loyalty to pope and monarch. after BwR, divided loyalties. eventually falling from power
  81. 81Relations between the Tudor state and Church before 1529 What Henry VIII wanted-annulment
    -Wolsey served king so obliged to get this, but also obedient to the pope
    -so fell from power 1529
  82. 82Martin Lutherchallenged teachings of Catholic Church
    -95 Theses attacked e.g. indulgences
    -later rejected teachings on purgatory and transubstantiation
    -influenced e.g. Cromwell, Cranmer and Anne Boleyn. later known as Protestantism
  83. 83Background to Henry's Act of Supremacy-1534
    -wanted to annul marriage, pope didn't allow it. Cromwell's solution, BwR
    -Action in Conditional Restraint of Annates
    -used anticlerical feelings
    -Submission of the Clergy
    -not allowed to call Convocation or pass church laws without Hs permission
  84. 84Background-1533 events speed up, Anne pregnant
    =Act in Restraint of Appeals (first Act of Parliament to define monarch's powers). using parli to create statute law
    -said it was approved by all subjects as parli represented realm of Eng
    -Eng rulers had no superior but God, pope had usurped (imperial kingship)
  85. 85Act of Supremacy 1534 not significant-no more than a law which accepted Henry's assumption of royal, process underway 1532-3 with Submission of the Clergy and Act in Restraint of Appeals
    -already annulled marriage
    -Anne given birth to Elizabeth
    -Act of Succession passed
    -by time supremacy act passed, H already head of E Church over a year
  86. 86Act of Succession1534
    Henry's marriage to Catherine had never been valid, his marriage to Anne was valid.
    -Heirs were Henry and Anne's children
    -Mary disinherited
  87. 87Act of Supremacy 1534 significant authority-Henry as head of English Church
    -H and Cromwell said supremacy from God not parliament
    -could demand all Eng subjects owed obedience to H not the pope
  88. 88Act of Supremacy 1534 significant law-paved way for new Treason Act (included those speaking against supremacy)
    -statute law, those who disobeyed could be punished by law. (not just proclamation)
  89. 89Act of Supremacy 1534 significant parliament-subsequent rulers who wanted to change Acts would need parliament
    -Mary I wanted to return to Rome, she had to call parliament
    -inadvertently enhanced power of parli
  90. 90Act of Supremacy 1534 significant turning point-turning point in Church and state relation
    -all religious houses to take oath
    -clergy allegiance to Henry not pope
    -1535, Cromwell as Vicegerent in Spirituals (H's deputy in spiritual matters, despite not being clergyman)
    -trad Church privileges e.g. benefit of clergy and sanctuary, abolished
    -finance, admin, legal and doctrine under direct control of Henry
  91. 91Church-state relations 1534 and 1558 monasteries-Cromwell dissolved monasteries began 1535, 1536 Act to dissolve small ones
    -last one dissolved 1540. all monastic land+ property went to Crown
    -lasting change in Church-state relations
    -Henry VIII gained £1.3m from this
    -sold land to nobles/gentry e.g. Cecil's. such families didn't want to give up land
  92. 92Church-state relations 1534 and 1558 Cromwell wanted doctrinal changes-Act of Ten Article (1536) defined doctrine of new English Church
    -mostly like catholics but Article on the Eucharist was ambiguous
    -sacraments for salvation of the soul reduced from 7 to 3
  93. 93Church-state relations 1534 and 1558 injunctions, 2 ways moved back to more catholic traditions-Cromwell: 2 injunctions to English clergy (1536 and 1538). against e.g. pilgrimages
    -1539 Act of Six Articles. reinforced cath doctrine eg transubstantiation
    -after Cromwell's execution, more cath
    -The King's Book 1543. trad cath e.g. mass for dead
  94. 94Church-state relations 1534 and 1558 Edward-1549 Act of Uniformity.
    -Cranmer's new English Book of Common Prayer, compulsory in all services
    -1552, Cranmer produced second Prayer Book: replaced cath stone altar with wooden table, clergy wear plain surplice not decorated vestments. moved from transubstantiation, denied real presence
    -1552 changes to doctrine in 42 Articles
  95. 95Church-state relations 1534 and 1558 Mary-couldn't demand return of former monastic land. led to compromise between English Crown and papcy: former church land wouldn't be returned
    -parliament happy but hard for Mary to restore Cath Church to former power
    -repeal 1534 Act of Supremacy in 1554 but not lasting as she didn't live long enough
  96. 96Elizabeth's Act of Supremacy 1559 initial problem-Eliz used parliament for religious change
    -problem: nearly 50% Catholics in House of Lords, bishops appointed by Mary
    -Elizabeth and Cecil's plan to pass 2 bills
  97. 97Act of Supremacy-compromise: Eliz's title was 'Supreme Governor' not Supreme Head of Church (caths saw pop as head of church, some prots didn't want women as head)
    -oath of loyalty for all officials
    -passed by both Commons and Lords
  98. 98Act of Uniformity-problem: more Prot than Caths allowed
    -bill was compromise: e.g. reimposed radical 1552 Prayer Book with a fine of 12d for those who didn't go to weekly Church services, BUT 2 sentences added to Communion service from moderate 1549 Prayer Book, good for cath and prots
  99. 99The Act of Uniformity narrowly passed-only passed narrowly the Lords vote by 21 to 18
    -could be due to Eliz and Cecil: 2 imprisoned Cath bishops (couldn't vote) and Abbot of Westminster who mysteriously missed the vote
  100. 100Elizabeth enforcing the 2 Acts-Oath of Supremacy. all but 1 of Mary's bishops (Bishop Llandaff) refused and were deprived of their jobs
    -replaced by prots e.g. Matthew Parker (Anne Boleyn's chaplain) as Archbishop of Canterbury
  101. 101how many refused settlementinitial acceptance of settlement among lower clergy: only 300 out of 8,000 refused the Oath and were deprived of their office
  102. 102Elizabeth's religious settlement significant-some reformers pushed for more protestant reforms, the 1559 changes lasted (more than Henry's)
    -known as Elizabethan Church of England
    -remained despite Puritan and Cath challenges to it
  103. 103Elizabethan Settlement 42 Articles-1563
    -Convocation discussed the 42 Articles of faith from Edward VI. These were to become the 39 Articles
    -Puritan pressure meant Article 29 was passed which denied the real presence
    -Eliz ordered the article to be left out so only 39 were originally published
  104. 104Elizabethan Settlement Vestments-radical clergy refused to conform to vestment rules (clergy clothes)
    -Puritans wanted simpler clothes
    -1556 E ordered Matthew Parker to enforce rules. he issued Book of Advertisements, instructed clergy on correct forms of dress
    -37 London clergy resigned
  105. 105Elizabethan Settlement Prophesyings-meetings of Puritans to encourage better education through Bible study and Puritan clergy practised sermons
    -E saw they could spread radical ideas and hard to control. ordered Grindal, new Archbishop of Canterbury to suppress them, but he refused. E suspended him and placed him under house arrest 1577
  106. 106Elizabethan Settlement Walter Strickland's Bill-1571 Walter attempted to pass bill changing the Prayer Book
    -Queen and councillors suppressed bill
  107. 107Elizabethan Settlement Anthony Cope and Peter Wentworth-1587
    -attempt to remove the structure of the Church of England
    -they were sent to Tower of London, Eliz blocked any discussion on settlement
  108. 108Elizabethan Settlement decrease of Puritan activity and Act passed-by 1589 Puritan challenge diminished
    -key Puritans e.g. Leicester had died
    -Act against Seditious Sectaries 1593: anyone who refused to go to CoE services had to leave country, if you returned you would be executed
  109. 109Crown and parliament 1559-1603 Eliz and parliament relations-good relationship
    -like Henrys, parliament met infrequently before 1585
    -came under strain 1585 England in war with Spain, needed taxation
  110. 110Crown and parliament 1559-1603 monopolies-parliament's concern on queen's misuse of monopolies and high tax
    -due to wars, E had less money for patronage, granted monopolies to reward courtiers and raise money as courtiers would pay for the privilege
    -e.g. Walter Raleigh had monopolies in tin, playing cards, and licensing of taverns
    -monopolies forced prices up
  111. 111Crown and parliament 1559-1603 response to monopolies-tension over monopolies, MPs petitioned Eliz, so not directly challenging her prerogative.
    -E promised all monopoly licences would be examined.
    -1597 parliament showed first direct criticism of E's policies, parliament confidence grown
  112. 112Crown and parliament 1559-1603 MPs in 1601-1601 parliament: 253 MPs with legal training (highest in Tudor period)
    -157 MPs were there in 1597 when Eliz promised to address monopolies, but she hadn't
    -mob burst into parliament, begged MPs for change in monopolies
  113. 113Crown and parliament 1559-1603-Eliz hadn't kept her promise on dealing with monopolies
    -Eliz met with 140MPs, gave her 'golden speech'. admitted to her 'lapses of error'
    -success: appeared gracious but conceded little. received tax for which parli had originally been called
  114. 114power of statute law king in parliament-Henry's Act of Supremacy and BwR gave parliament power
    -1530s created notion of 'king-in-parliament', that king working with parliament was more powerful than without parli. 'king in parliament' had authority over Church but king alone didn't
  115. 115power of statute law power of parliament grows-Mary and Eliz had to go through parli for changes, each time parli gained power
    -by end of period, parli had right to legislate on religious change and royal succession
    -MPs believed they were free to discuss religious policy and succession in parli, but Eliz tried to deny them this
    -but debates over rights of MPs e.g. freedom of speech and tax
  116. 116MPs rights and privilegesMP rights to freedom on speech in House of Commons, their role to grant tax
    -couldn't be arrested for debt
    -speak freely in the chamber but not talk about it outside
    -didn't grant protection from parliamentary managers. led to political tension over extent of Common's freedom
  117. 117power of statute law More-1523 Thomas More (Speaker) made a speech requesting Henry VIII allow MPs to speak freely (1st time for this request) Henry agreed, and parli allowed freedom to restrict tax Wolsey was granted
  118. 118power of statute law by-elections-1530s Cromwell introdcued by-elections. vacancies in Commons while parli in session could be filled. meant the ruler + ministers could manipulate who was elected. MPs in Commons deferred to social superiors
  119. 119power of statute law revolt under Mary-1555, Mary faced a revolt by MPs who refused a bill to confiscate the lands of those exiled. MPs furious, seen as attack on their rights as landowners
    -MP Sir Anthony Kingston locked doors to House and forced the Speaker to take a vote defeating the bill before Mary's supporters got help
  120. 120power of statute law Wentworth-Peter Wentworth 1576. speech in parli attacking Eliz's attempts to control discussion in Commons. he was imprisoned for a month
  121. 121power of statute law tax bill-1593 Commons agreed to bill allowing 2 subsidies. but Cecil told MPs in meeting with Lords, that this wasn't enough
    -angered some MPs as Commons had sole right to initiate tax bills not Lords
    -shows increased confidence of Commons
  122. 122Extent of change in relationship between Crown and parliament growth in size of CommonsMPs in House of Commons
    -302 in 1512
    -402 in 1559
    -but became more assertive
  123. 123Extent of change in relationship between Crown and parliament more debate and assertiveness-1563 and 1566 Commons raised issue of marriage and succession (wouldn't have happened under Henry VIII)
    -1566 Council allowed parli time to debate marriage and succession. in return parli agreed to discuss grant of tax
  124. 124Extent of change in relationship between Crown and parliament Elizabeth's forceful control-1587, Eliz imprisoned Wentworth and Cope (tried to change religious settlement)
    -Crown resorted to extreme measures to control MPS. but parliament still controlled by monarch

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A level Tudors Flashcards on Breadth 1, created by becky sharrock on 25/01/2018.
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becky sharrock
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