Flashcards
Unit 2: Factors Affecting Performance
Cards in this deck (52)
- 1What is a physiological factor?A factor affecting the body.
- 2Name five physiological factors.Age
Gender
Somatotype
Disability
Injury
Fatigue,
Drugs and Blood doping
Illness
Activity levels and Skill levels
Diet - 3What is a psychological factor?A factor affecting the mind.
- 4Name five psychological factors.Tension
Attitude
Aggression
Anxiety
Stress
Personality
Motivation - 5What does environment mean?It is your surroundings, where you live, train and compete.
- 6Name five environmental factors.Weather
Pollution
Altitude
Humidity
Terrain - 7How does the weather impact on a sporting performance?Professional track and field athletes may train abroad in the winter. Warm weather training allows the athlete to train without the risk of waterlogged pitches, snow, ice and high winds.
Frozen and waterlogged pitches can lead to postponed matches and a back log of fixtures at the end of a season. - 8How does pollution impact on a sporting performance?Pollution can force an athlete inside and restrict the amount of training the athlete can do. The high levels of pollution can be caused by car exhausts, coal burning, dust storms and construction dust. Pollution domes are now used in China's schools and local communities to allow people to train and compete at any time of day.
- 9How does altitude impact on a sporting performance?Altitude is measured in height above sea level. It can make breathing difficult as the air is thinner with less oxygen available to the athlete. The athletes become fatigued quicker, some athletes can suffer from altitude sickness.
FIFA tried to set a ruling that no international fixtures should occur above 2500m but the South American Countries were outraged. FIFA backtracked, 7 of the stadiums used in the World Cup in Brazil in 2014 were at altitude. - 10How does humidity impact on a sporting performance?A factor relating to the amount of water vapour in the air. This combined with heat makes conditions very difficult for the athletes who find it difficult to keep cool. You sweat profusely, but it does not evaporate and you struggle to remain cool. Dehydration is a serious threat to the athlete. Manaus in Brazil had humdity levels of 57-99%.
- 11How does the terrain impact on a sporting performance?The landscape can be crucial for sport.
Slopes are needed for skiers
Sea is needed for surfers
Steep trails and tracks for mountain bikers
Forests and moorland for orienteering
Rapids for white water rafting
Flat, well drained fields for playing football - 12What are the social factors that can affect our participation in sport?Culture
Religion
Work commitments
Lifestyle
Socio economic factors
Time for training and competitions
Risk assessment - 13Age is physiological factor that affects performance. What are the 4 distinct age categories?Under 11's
11 - 18
18 - 30
Over 30's - 14Name a feature associated with the under 11's.Tasks must be kept simple.
Co-ordination is affected by growth spurts.
Most sports become single sex at the age of 11 for safety reasons. - 15Name two features associated with the 11 to 18 year olds.Good stamina and speed
Flexible joints
Great reations
Strong bones
Great body shape
High % fast twitch fibres
Increasing strength - 16Name three features associated with the 18 to 30 year olds.Athletes reach their prime
Skill increases
Co-ordination is at its peak
Maximum strength is achieved
Information handling is excellent - 17Name four features associated with the over 30's.Arteries lose their elasticity
Blood pressure increases
Maximum heart rate decreases
Muscle fibres change from fast twitch to slow twitch, decreasing power and speed
Reaction time decreases
Bones get lighter - suffer fractures
Takes longer to recover from injuries
Joints stiffen
Metabolism slows down so body fat increases
Susceptible to high levels of cholesterol, higher risk of heart disease, heart attacks and strokes - 18Some sports have adapted versions to cater for young athletes. Name two sports and highlight the adaptations.Tag Rugby - no tackling, less risk of injury to young players. It is important that payers are not put off the game.
Short Tennis - smaller courts, lower net, softer ball with less bounce, rules adapted not allowed to volley the ball in the game.
High Fives in netball - less players on the court, more space for players, less decision making. - 19Modifications are often made to games to make them more suitable for young players. Name three different modifications.Less players on the pitch
Shorter duration of play
Smaller pitches
Smaller nets
Equipment size
Smaller ball
Adapted rules - 20Name five physiological features associated with male athletes.High levels of testosterone
Longer limbs (taller & heavier)
Greater muscle mass (50% stronger)
Larger organs (heart & lungs)
Ligaments grow thicker & stronger - 21Name three physiological features associated with female athletes.Suffer hormonal imbalances
Have increased range of movement at the joints (greater suppleness)
Have a higher % of body fat
Have a lower oxygen carrying capacity - 22What impact does the length of limbs have on an athletes performance in basketball?Long legs mean the athlete has a longer stride length down the court.
Long legs generate a greater jump when performing a lay up.
Long arms allows the player to reach high to intercept a ball and gain posession. - 23What impact does organ size have on an athletes performance in cross country?The larger lungs means that more air can be inhaled in each breath.
The larger heart means that it is more powerful and can pump more blood per beat around the body.
Both organs can supply a greater oxygen supply to the working muscles to fuel exercise and prevent the onset of fatigue and cramp. - 24What impact does muscle mass have on an athletes performance in a 100m sprint in athletics?Muscle mass generates speed and power for the athlete. An explosive start from the blocks is essential to gain an advantage over the other athletes. Strong muscles generate speed and power down the track allowing the athlete to reach the finish line first.
- 25What impact does increased suppleness have on an athletes performance in gymnastics and diving?The gymnast , diver can perform the higher tariff moves with greater consistency and aesthetic presentation. This allows them to score higher marks from the judges in a competition. Increased suppleness will minimise the risk of injury tot he athlete during training and competition.
- 26Name five single sex sports that are played during national and international matches. male v male and female v femaleFootball
Rugby
Netball
Basketball
Athletics (Track & Field events)
Swimming
Gymnastics
Diving - 27Name five mixed sporting events that are played at national and international level. mixed teams or entry open to male and female athletesTennis
Badminton
Badminton
Equestrian
Rally driving
Sailing - 28What are the four disability classifications?Physical
Mental
Permanent
Temporary - 29Provide a definition and example for physical disability.Noticeable to the eye
A missing limb - 30Provide a definition and example for a mental disability.May not be noticeable to the eye
Autism - 31Provide a definition and example for a permanent disability.Life long disability
Broken neck - wheel chair bound - 32Provide a definition and example for a temporary disability.Disability for a set period of time
Broken leg - 33Leisure providers must cater for disabled users. Name three different factors that must be considered.Parking: Disabled bays clearly marked and available close to the building.
Access: Ramps to reach the doorway. Doorways wide enough to enter the building.
Provision: Lifts to upper floors, disabled toilets and showers, activity classes and hoists into pools. - 34Explain how sports have been adapted to cater for disabled athletes.Blind footballers use a ball with ball bearings in small compartments, it makes the ball audible.
Specially designed wheel chairs for different events.
Disability classifications are used in athletics. T = track followed by a number. The number signifies the type of disability to ensure athletes compete on an equal footing. - 35What does body composition mean?It looks at the percentage of body weight that is muscle, bone and fat.
- 36Name the three different somatotypes.Ectomorph
Endomorph
Mesomorph - 37Name two features associated with an ectomorph.Narrow face
Thin narrow chest and abdomen
Thin arms and legs
Very little muscle and fat
Narrow shoulders and hips - 38Name three activities associated with an ectomorph.High jumper
Basket baller
Tennis player
Long jumper
Marathon runner - 39Why would an ectomorphs body shape benefit them in a game of basketball?Extreme ectomorphs are generally tall and thin. Their long legs and long arms enable them to receive high a pass and shoot at the basket more easily. Their long limbs will also give them greater chance of intercepting the ball to gain possession.
- 40Name two features associated with an endomorph.Fatty upper arms
Fatty thighs
Very fat
Pear shaped
(wide hips and narrow shoulders)
Short legs in relation to their trunk - 41Name three activities associated with an endomorph.Sumo wrestler
Rugby Union prop forward
Shot putter
Discus thrower
Hammer thrower - 42Why would an endomorphs body shape benefit them in sumo wrestling?Extreme endomorphs are generally large with short legs in relation to their trunks. This gives them a low centre of gravity with body bulk which greatly assists in lifting opponents out of the arena.
- 43Name two features associated with a mesomorph.Very muscular
Solid build - minimum amount of fat
Narrow hips
Wedged shaped body with broad shoulders
Strong forearms and thighs - 44Name three sports associated with a mesomorph.Track athletics - 100m sprint
Male Gymnast
Rower
Swimmer
Rugby League player - 45Why would a mesomorphs body shape benefit them in a 100m race?Extreme mesomorph are very muscular with broad shoulders and narrow hips, they have a minimum amount of fat. The muscle generates greater power in the arms and legs for getting out of the blocks and generating speed down the track.
- 46How does culture affect participation in sport?Money and social class will affect opportunities to access public and private facilities.
Polo associated with the upper class
Tennis associated with the middle class
Football associated with the working class - 47How does religion affect participation in sport?Christians may not wish to train or compete on a Sunday, may jeopardise their career by missing out on trials and championships.
Muslim women need to conform to dress codes, not to expose their limbs. Single sex rules prevent men and women competing in mixed gender activities. - 48Sport can be competitive or recreational. What does competitive mean?An activity that involves some form of contest, rivalry or game.
Football - Sunday League Fixture - 49What does recreational mean?Any form of play, amusement or relaxation performed as games, sports or hobbies.
Jogging, aerobics, cycling or swimming to keep fit with friends. - 50The level of competition keeps athletes safe by allowing athletes to play at a standard they are capable of playing at. What levels of competition are available for an U:16 in hockey? Start off by representing their school.School - Hollingworth Academy
District - Rochdale
County - Greater Manchester
Regional - North West
National - Region v Region
International - Country v Country - 51Risk Assessments are completed to minimise potential problems. Name and explain five different safety checks before competing in a rugby match.Pitch inspection - glass, divots, dog faeces
Condition of posts - free from rust
Posts are secured into the ground
Check the players are dressed appropriately - check the studs
Ensure all jewellery has been removed
All players are the same age group
That none of the players are chewing - 52'Challenging' activitities often relate to outdoor and adventurous activities. Name two challenging activities and explain what the challenge is to the athlete.Sailing - wind speed (knots)
Kayaking - the force of the water
Climbing - the height of the rock face
and the type of rock
Rugby - the size of the opponent.
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- AQA GCSE PE Facts Flashcards on Unit 2: Factors Affecting Performance, created by Cath Warriner on 26/09/2014.
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