Flashcards
Larynx
Cards in this deck (42)
- 1Describe the general structure of the larynxIt is a membranous tube suspended between cartilages under the hyoid bone
- 2At what level is the larynx found?Between C3-6 vertebrae
- 3What are the 3 functions of the larynx?1. Tranport air
2. Protective sphincter closes the epiglottis to prevent entry of food
3. Phonation - 4Name the laryngeal cartilagesSingle:
- Epiglottis, thyroid & cricoid
Paired:
- Arytenoid, corniculate & cuneiform - 5How does the epiglottis attach to the thyroid cartilage & to the hyoid bone?Thyroepiglottic lig. & Hypoepilglottis lig. respectively
- 6What is the thyroid cartilage comprised of?Left & Right laminae
Superior horns for articulation with the hyoid bone
Inferior horns for articulation with the cricoid cartilage - 7What is the adams apple?Laryngeal prominence formed by the thyroid angle
- 8Which cartilage is the only complete ring?Cricoid cartilage
- 9What are the features of the cricoid cartilage?'Slopping shoulder' on lamina for arytenoid articulation
Ridge for oesophageal attachment
Depressions for posterior crico-arytenoid muscle attachment - 10What are the features of the arytenoid cartilage?Superiorly articulates with the corniculate cartilage & inferiorly to the cricoid
Vocal process anteriorly for vocal lig. attachment
Muscular process posteriorly for posterior & lateral crico-arythenoid muscle attachment - 11Describe the thyro-hyoid membraneIt extend between the upper edges of the thyroid lamina, superior horn & the greater horns of hyoid
It is thickened anteriorly & posteriorly as median & lateral thyro-hyoid ligaments - 12What pierces the thyro-hyoid membrane?Superior laryngeal vessels & nerve (internal branch)
- 13What is the fibro-eleastic membrane?Elastic connective tissue under the laryngeal mucous membrane which has been stretched between the laryngeal cartilages
- 14Describe the quadrangular membraneSuperior aspect of fibro-elastic membrane
Extends between lateral aspects of the epiglottis, arytenoid & corniculate cartilages - 15What 2 ligaments form the edges of the quadrangular membrane?Aryepiglottic lig. & Vestibular lig.
- 16Describe the conus elasticusAlso called the cricovocal membrane
Inferior aspect of fibro-elastic membrane
Blends anteriorly with the median crico-thryoid lig. - 17What is the clinical relevance of the median cricothyroid ligament?It is the site of emergency tracheotomy
- 18Function of the vocal cordsSpeech
Cough & sneezing
Raising intra-abdominal pressure - 19What are the 3 divisions of the laryngeal cavity?1. Vestibule - between laryngeal inlet & vestibular folds
2. Laryngeal Ventricle - recess between the vestibular & vocal folds
3. Infra-epiglottic cavity - 20What is the purpose of the saccule?Provides lubricating mucus for the vocal folds
- 21What is the laryngeal inlet bound by?Aryepiglottic folds
- 22What is the rima glottis bound by?Vocal cords & vocal processes of the arytenoid
- 23What is the function of the laryngeal muscles?Control the position of the larynx to:
- alter laryngeal diameter
- control airflow for speech
- raise intra-abdominal pressure - 24What is the function of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles?Arrange the position of the larynx & facilitate the closing of the laryngeal inlet
- 25What are the extrinsic elevators of the larynx?Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Salphingopharyngeus & Palatopharyngeus
- 26What are the drepressors of the larynx?Elastic recoil
Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid & Sternhyoid - 27What are the functions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?Open / Close the laryngeal inlet
Open / Close rima glottis
Lengthen the vocal cords - 28How is the laryngeal inlet closed?Extrinsic muscles elevate the larynx & pharynx
Aryepiglottic mucose acts like a purse string
Superior fibres of the thyro-arytenoid muscle contracts - 29How is the laryngeal inlet opened?Elastic recoils brings the larynx back to its normal position aided by the hyoepiglottic lig.
- 30How is the rima glottis opened?Contraction of the posterior cricoid-arytenoid muscle causing the arytenoid to rotate drawing the vocal process away from the mid-line
- 31What muscles are involved in the closure of rima glottis?Inferior fibres fo thyro-arytnoid, lateral crico-arytenoid & transverse arytenoid
- 32What is the function of the crico-thyroid muscle?Lengthen the vocal folds
- 33What is the function of the vocalis muscle?Alter the tension in the vocal folds
- 34Describe the process of phonationVocal folds are abducted
Air is forced through the vocal folds causing vibration
Cord length & tension are altered influencing pitch - 35What occurs during swallowing?Laryngeal elevation & clover of the laryngeal inlet
- 36What ligament isHyo-epiglottic lig.
- 37Describe the arterial supply of the larynxSuperior & Inferior laryngeal arteries which are branches of the superior & inferior thyroid arteries respectively
- 38Describe the venous drainage of the larynxSuperior laryngeal v. drains to the superior thyroid v. then to the internal jugular v.
Inferior laryngeal v. drains to the inferior thyroid v. then to the brachiocephalic v. - 39Describe the lymphatic drainage of the larynxThe area above the vocal cords drains to the sup. deep cervical lymph nodes
The area below the vocal cords drains to the pretracheal, inf. deep cervical & supraclavicular lymph nodes - 40What nerve provides sensory innervation to the larynx down to the level of the vocal cords?Internal laryngeal n. - a branch of the superior laryngeal n.
- 41What nerves innervated the cricothyroid muscle?External laryngeal n. - a branch of the superior laryngeal n.
- 42Where does the recurrent laryngeal n. supply?All laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid & sensation to the vocal cords & larynx below
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- MD3001 (Respiratory System) Flashcards on Larynx, created by Lareyna Mcmenemy on 02/12/2018.
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- Lareyna Mcmenemy
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