Flashcards
memory topic 7-working memory
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1what do Baddeley and Hitch argue about STMthey argue that STM is not a single system but that it is comprised of several memory systems, each holding information for a short period of time but working together as one system
- 2what is working memoryworking memory allows us to keep track of what we are doing whilst we are doing it- working memory retains information long enough for us to use it e.g dial a telephone number
- 3what is the concurrent task method and when is it used-used in research into working memory
-its the use of 2 interfering tasks together/ participants are given 2 tasks to do and their performance is assessed to see how it has been affected - 4what is the dual task methodusing the dual task method assumes that each part of working memory (sometimes called a 'slave system ' ) has a limited capacity and therefore attempting more than 1 task with the same system is going to make performance worse
- 5what is the central executivethe central executive monitors and coordinates the systems (slave system) in working memory. It is involved in mental processes such as decision making and planning
- 6what does the central executive doit will coordinate performance on two separate tasks and because the central executive is limited in capacity, it may give priority to one task while inhibiting the other e.g someone may pay less attention to the TV when someone else is trying to tell them something
- 7what is the phonological loopthis part of the working memory deals with auditory information
- 8how many parts of the phonological loop are there and what are theythe first, the phonological slave (inner ear) holds words that have been heard
the second, the articulatory process (inner voice) silently repeats words in the phonological store - 9what does baddeley argue about the phonological loophe argues that the amount of information the phonological loop holds is what can be said in 2 seconds
- 10what is the visuo- spatial sketchpadit stores visual and spatial information. Spatial refers to the spatial relationship between objects e,g where things are in the room in relation to you
- 11What does the visuospatial sketchpad deal withit deals with information in a visual code e.g size, colour, shape etc. It is the 'inner eye'
- 12why is the visuospatial sketchpad an important part of the working memoryit is important for playing sports, especially ball games such as tennis or football.
- 13what did Logie (1995) suggest to dosuggests sub dividing the store into a visual cache (VC) which stores visual material about form and colour, and an inner scribe (IS), which handles spatial relationships and reherses and transfers info from the visual cache to the central executive
- 14what research supports logies researchKlaurer and Zhao (2004) reported more interference between 2 visual tasks than between a visual and spatial tasks, implying the existence of a separate cache and inner scribe
- 15what was the method of Baddeley (1973) experimentHe had participants perform a visual task by tracking a ,moving light with a pointer whilst doing one of two tasks. Participants either had to describe all the angles of a large letter or carry out verbal tasks. In addition to tracking a moving light with a pointer, participants were asked to imagine a letter F and starting at the bottom left- hand corner, they were required to say if the angle included the top or bottom line of the letter (to which they would respond yes or no)
- 16what was found from the Baddeley (1973) experimentparticipants had problems with classifying the angles whilst performing the pointer task but not while they carried out the verbal task
- 17what do the findings from Baddeley's experiment suggestthis would suggest that while the pointer task and imagery tasks used the same visuo- spacial resources ( and therefore participants found this difficult) , the pointer task and verbal task used different systems ( the visuospatial slave system and the phonological loop) and thus the latter task was found to be easier
- 18what was the conclusion Baddeley's experimentin summary Gathercole and Baddeley (1993) found participants had difficulty simultaneously tracking a moving point of light and describing the angles on a hollow letter F, because both tasks involved using the Visuospatial sketch pad. Other participants had little difficulty in tracking the light and performing a simultaneous verbal task as both tasks involve using the visuospatial sketch pad and the phonological loop indicating that these systems are seperate
- 19who added the episodic buffer to the memory model and whyBaddeley added the episodic buffer because he realised the model needed a general store
- 20what is the episodic bufferthe episodic buffer is an extra storage system that has in common with all working memory units, limited capacity.
- 21what does the episodic buffer dothe episodic buffer integrates information from the central executive , phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad. It also maintains a sense of time sequencing- recording events that are happening and sends info to LTM
- 22name a strength of the working memorythe working memory model explains more about memory processes than Atkinson and Shiffrin's explanations of STM e.g why people may or may not be able to do certain types of tasks at the same time
- 23name a strength of the working memory-WM supported by case studies of individuals with brain damage that has affected the memory system
-WM can explain a number of observations e.g word length effect which STM cannot - 24name a weakness of the working memoryWM models central executive has been criticised for its vagueness in explaining how it allocates resources (attention) to the slaves
- 25name a weakness of the working memoryThe WM models support from brain damaged individuals relies on case studies-cannot be generalised cause of uniqueness
-also does not take into account damage that may have occurred to other cognitive systems (such as attention) which may affect results
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- A level Psychology Flashcards on memory topic 7-working memory, created by Ella Stokes on 09/01/2019.
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- Ella Stokes
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