Flashcards
Cell Biology : Cell Differentiation and Specialisation
Cards in this deck (13)
- 1Define DifferentiationProcess by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
- 2What happens as cells change?They develop different subcellular structures and turn into different types of cells.
- 3What does this allow them to do?Carry out specific functions
- 4When does most differentiation occur?When an organism develops
- 5Explain what happens to an animal cell's ability to differentiateIt is lost at an early stage, after they become specialised
- 6Explain what happens to a plant cell's ability to differentiateLots of plant cells don't lose their ability to differentiate
- 7What are cells that differentiate in mature animals used for?Repairing and replacing cells such as skin or blood cells
- 8What are undifferentiated cells called?Stem Cells
- 9What are sperm cells specialised for? Describe its functions- for reproduction
- has a long tail and streamlined head to swim to egg
- Lots of mitochondria to provide energy needed
- Carries enzymes in head to digest through egg cell membrane - 10What are nerve cells specialised for? Describe its functions- Rapid signalling
- function is to carry electrical signals from one part of body to another
- Cells are long (to cover more distance)
- have branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells and form network in body - 11What are muscle cells specialised for? Describe its functions- contraction
- to contract quickly
- cells are long (have space to contract)
- contain lots of mitochondria to generate the energy needed for contraction - 12What are root hair cells specialised for? Describe its functions- for absorbing water and minerals
- cells on surface of plant roots, they grow into long hairs that stick out into soil
- gives plant big surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions - 13What are phloem and xylem cells specialised for? Describe its functions- for transporting substances
- form phloem and xylem tubes which transport substances like food and water
- cells are long and joined end to end
- xylem cells hollow in the centre
- phloem have very few subcellular structures so that things can flow through
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- Flashcards on Cell Biology : Cell Differentiation and Specialisation, created by Darcey Harvey on 03/03/2019.
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- Darcey Harvey · Mar 2019
- Updated
- Mar 3, 2019
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