Flashcards
Attachment Key Terms and Studies
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1ReciprocityA description of how two people interact. Mother- infant interaction is reciprocal in that both infant and mother respond to each other's signals and each elicits a response from the other,
- 2Interactional SynchronyMother and Infant reflex both the actions and emotions of the other and do this in a co-ordinated (synchronised) way.
- 3What is the proposed role of the father in attachmentGrossman carried out a longitudinal study and found that a mothers but not fathers attachment was related to children's attachment in adolescent suggesting fathers attachment is less important.
However, the quality of fathers play was related to the quality of adolescent attachments. - 4Father as primary caregiverField filmed 4 month old babies, face to face with primary caregiver mothers, secondary caregiver fathers and primary caregiver fathers. She found that primary caregiver fathers adopted similar behaviours to mothers such as smiling, and initiating. Showing that fathers can be the nurturing caregiver, vital in attachment. Showing a key to attachment is level of responsiveness not gender.
- 5What are the four stages of attachment proposed by Schaffer and EmersonAsocial Stage
Indiscriminate Attachment
Specific Attachment
Multiple Attachments - 6Shaffer and Emerson's Key study60 babies- 31 male/29 female/ All from Glasgow skilled working class families
Babies visited at home/ every month for a year and again last 18 months.
Asked mothers Q's about everyday protests their children made at separation.
Designed to measure infant attachment/ separation and stranger anxiety. - 7Shaffer and Emerson's findingsBetween 25 and 30 weeks old- 50% of babies showed separation anxiety towards a particular adult. (specific attachment)
Attachment tended tone towards caregiver who was most interactive and sensitive to infants signals and facial expressions. (reciprocity.) This wasn't necessarily the person that the child spent the most time with.
By 40 weeks 80% of children had specific attachment and almost 30% - multiple attachments. - 8Lorenz ResearchLorenz researched imprinting, after when he was a child a neighbour gave him a newly hatched duck and it followed him around.
He hatched gees, in two conditions. One were the first thing the geese would see is Lorenz, the other (control) the first thing the geese would see it their mother. - 9Lorenz FindingsIncubator group- followed Lorenz
Control group - followed mother
Even if the group was mixed together they would still continue to follow the mother or Lorenz depending on were they hatched. - 10What is imprintingThe phenomenon showed in Lorenz's study is imprinting.
Whereby bird species that are mobile from birth attach to and follow the first moving object they see.
Lorenz identified a critical period were imprinting needs to take place ( around a few hours after hatching) - 11Harlow's research- Harlow observed 16 baby monkeys. In order to establish the importance of contact comfort.
- He reared the monkeys with two wire mothers.
One condition - milk was dispensed on plain mother. 2nd condition- milk was dispensed by cloth mother. - 12Harlow's findingsHe found that the monkey's sought comfort from soft mother, not wire one, and went to soft model for comfort when scared, regardless of which dispensed milk.
Known as 'contact comfort' was of more important to the monkey's than food when it comes to attachment. - 13What did Harlow find about maternally deprived monkey's as adults.Found severe consequences.
One's with wire mother were most dysfunctional/ however ones with soft monkey still abnormal.
They were aggressive / less sociable/ and bred less than typical monkeys.
One's that did breed neglected their young and other's attacked and even killed them in some cases. - 14—
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- A2 Psychology Flashcards on Attachment Key Terms and Studies, created by Emily Cons on 09/04/2017.
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- Emily Cons
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