Flashcards
SP302: Attachment development
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1What is an attachment and what is it's function?An emotional, affectionate bond between the primary caregiver and an infant. It is needed for the protection and security of the vulnerable child.
- 2What is drive reduction according to Frued?He assumed we all have a primary drive to reduce (in this case hunger) and use secondary drives to get reduce the drive (the mother feeding them). Sating the primary drive becomes generalised to the mother, creating a bond.
- 3What two findings did Lorenz and Harlow find about attachments using animals?Lorenz: imprinting occurs when a bird becomes attached to the first moving object it sees. The critical period occurs in which they must attach, which is a day (ish).
Harlow: Rhesus monkeys are shown to prefer comfort over food. The critical period for monkeys is three months. - 4What did Bowlby discover about the behaviour of infants if they are institutionalised.When separated from their mother they act frantic, fearful and try to escape. From despair and depression, they become indifferent and detached from the mother.
He found if mothers had regular contact none died; if they didn't around 37% do. - 5How do infants demonstrate attachment to their primary caregiver?1. They identify them
2. They try to draw attention from them by crying, cooing, smiling)
3. If separated may protest or show stranger anxiety. - 6What are the 4 stages of attachemnt?1. Preattachment stage (6 weeks): will recognise the mother but will not demonstrate stranger anxiety.
2. Early attachment (up to 7 months): show a preference to the mother but no stranger anxiety still.
3. Separation protest (up until 2): stranger anxiety, uses mum as a base for exploration.
4. Reciprocal/ goal-orientated: share responsibility for contact, have mental representations about the world and have an internal working model. - 7What are the 7 stages of the strange situation (Ainsworth)Three minutes for each stage
1. Infant and mother play (exploration and secure base)
2. A stranger enters (reaction to a stranger)
3. Parent leaves (stranger anxiety)
4. Parent returns and stranger leaves (reunion)
5. Parent leaves the child alone (separation distress)
6. Stranger gives comfort (stranger anxiety)
7. Parent returns (reunion behaviour). - 8From Ainsworth's study, what attachments were shown and what percentage?70% type B: secure
20% A: Avoidant
10% C: Resistant
Some did display a disorganised type. - 9How does a mother act in each of the type of attachments? How does this affect internal working model?Secure: Mum is available and responsive all the time, reliable and demonstrates the child is worthy. Mothers demonstrate mind-mindedness.
Avoidant: Mum is rejecting, but I don't like others as I see them as unreliable as well so I don't depend on them. There is also just too much stimulation.
Insecure-resistant: Mum is cold and I feel unloved and people are disinterested and unreliable too.
Disorganised: No coherency means no coherant IWM. - 10How is parental sensitivity occurring? can it be changed?1. Parental sensitivity
2. Twin studies show monozygotic to parent in the same way.
3. Interventions can be effective (van dem boom) : After training, mothers are more sensitive and babies are more sociable, cry less and higher securely attached. - 11How does daycare affect attachment?Belsky (et al) found that when children had daycare for longer than 20 hours a week, the child was more likely to be insecurely attached. But if the quality of the daycare is good, this can affect the attachment.
- 12What are the long-term effects of attachment?Secure: better adjusted to life with better social skills
Insecure-avoidant: have less social support and earlier and riskier sexual experiences. Inhibit emotional expressiveness and not seek comfort. - 13How do we measure attachment in adulthood?AAI (adult attachment interview by Main et al 1985)
Talk about your earliest relationships- the content is not measured, but the narrative is
Dismissing: childhood is not important; unemotional; sparse.
autonomous: acknowledges the importance of relationships, talks freely about them and has insight into how others think and feel.
Preoccupied: Lengthy, no clear structure. Past events are still raw and emotional, vivid, as if experiencing them and haven't resolved them. - 14Is an internal working model stable?Relatively: Waters et al showed 72% over 20 years kept consistently. Life changing experiences such as loss, divorce, abuse would be what changed the attachment type.
Information
- Description
- Psychology (SP302) Flashcards on SP302: Attachment development, created by chantel Smith on 26/04/2018.
- Created by
- chantel Smith
- Views
- 1
- Rating