Flashcards
Aggression
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1Neural explanation-Limbic system, amygdala= emotions and responding to threats, over active
-Potegal et al 1966, hamster stim.=agg, lesioning reduced
-Gospic- money split, respondent increased amy activity - 2Evaluation-> Can't extrapolate animal behaviour on to humans
-> Indirect correlation not causation
->cognitive reductionist
-> Coccaro, Arguably OFC has greater role, self control, psychiatric disorders, reduced OFC activity - 3Hormonal-Serotonin, inhibitory, slows down
-Normal in OFC to regulate neuron firing and maintain good self control, also helps sleep
-Virkkunen- found low levels of serotonin breakdown in spinal fluid of violent criminals and low sleep, reactive aggression - 4Evaluation+> Good application for pharmacies prescribing drugs some cholesterol medicines increase serotonin, future development
-> Correlation not causation - 5Testosterone-regulate social behaviour in male and female
-Dabbs, violent criminals higher levels compared to non violent criminals
-Wagner, male rats castrated decreased aggression - 6Evaluation+> Mehta& Josephs, football match loosers higher testosterone more likely rematch
-> Mazur, bio social status model, competitive environment relevant to trigger
-> Carre& Mehta, role of cortisol (stress drug)
-> Archer, small studies of criminals, sample bias - 7Genetic explanation-predisposition, Nelson, breeding dogs aggression passed down
-Coccaro et al mz's 50% dz's 19% MAOA gene codes for breakdown of serotonin& dopamine, consistuent chemical reuptaken and released to cause aggression
-Brunner at al, violent male family all MAOA - 8Evaluation-> Bio deterministic- Moffat 422 MAOA carriers needed abused/trigger to become agg.
-> Meta analysis found self report studies showed greater influence of genes
-> Stuart, needed serotonin low and MAOA for severe
-> Mertins found opposite relationship in money game - 9Ethological explanations-Instinctive pass along innate evolutionary pressures, adaptive to benefit survival, defend resources
-Lorenz, ritualistic, avoid possible risk injury
-external stimulus- IRM- fixed action pattern
-Tinbergen- sticklebacks, red belly attack wooden model - 10Evaluation+> Support of MAOA being innate, limbic system is the IRM- good valid
+> Nisbett- reactive aggression common white males respond to insults
-> Goodall, apes systematically fighting for no benefit
-> Role of trigger undermines experience
-> Lorenz observed non primates - 11Evolutionary (jealousy)-survival, reproduction success, jealousy and fear of infidelity
-jel= Daly& Wilson m-m homicide greater in unemployed unmarried
-mate retention= direct guarding/ negative inducements
-Infid. paternal uncertainty, cuckoldry, domestic abuse or uxorocide
-Shackleford 107 married, high mate r. higher jealousy and violence - 12Evaluation-> Sensitive information so self report may be inaccurate, people hesitant to share
-> not wide spread cross culturally, incomplete
-> Deterministic
+> women less because of baby
+> Strong positive app for domestic abuse - 13Deindividuation Zimbardo-contraints, disapproval, self reflection, self awareness, identifiable uniform mask conciousness
-recreate Milgram
-name tag or hood, increaed shocks with the hood - 14Evaluation+>Diener, 1300 children halloween steal sweets in costume
+>Douglas& Mcgarty ask fm. anon online increased agg
+> Watson cross cultural, warriors that wore masks or hid identity more likely to be violent
->Gergner- dark room intimate not always agg
-> SIDE model, pro social effects - 15Frustration- Aggression hypothesis Dollard-Cathartic release Freud , blocking goal
-decreased monetary gain, use of defence mechanisms; sublimation& displacement, get pleasure and avoid pain
-Russell and green- puzzle, imposs. timed, distraction, 3 gave greatest electric shocks all higher than control
-Berkowitz recreated with a gun/rocket/nothing present, gun higher shocks- cue - 16Evaluation+> mass displacement of society can explain scape goating e.g. jews ww2
+> good application for the gun debate
-> Bushman found release of punching bag increased agg
-> ignores gender bias of males, reductionist, SLT bandura?
-> does explain pre planned aggression - 17Social learning theory-A R R M, relate to agg. self efficacy- confidence to carry out an act to reach a certain goal
-obs and imi
-males stronger from observation - 18Evaluation+> Lab study and well controlled high replicability= high valid
+> explains cultural difference
+> help bring about positive change in teaching new behaviours in society
-> only explains pro active agg not reactive
-> cognitively deterministic - 19Institutional Aggression Dispositional-Dispositional- Delisi 813 juvi dels. higher anger/irit/substance abuse more likely to engage in suicide/sexual misconduct,
- Irwin& Cressey- Importation model, use aggressive norm to deal with conflict, Keller& Wang, high crime in high security - 20Institutional aggression Situational-Situational- the deprivation model, freedom/indepen./goods/service, leads to frustration and agg
-McCorkle overcrowding and meaningless activity more agg and riots
-Johnston questionnaire correlation of dep resources nd agg - 21Evaluation-> Dilulio, alternative administrative control model ACM, predict agg from how well managed prisons are, weak& indecisive leadership, unofficial rules
-> Hensley, sexual visits no decrease in agg, unexplained
+> both disp&sitch. valid could work together interactionalist
+> Wilson, positive impact how prisons are run - 22Media Influences-Desensitisation, dis-inhibition, cognitive priming, psychologically less responsive, acceptance of less empath, SNS adrenaline and noradrenaline fight or flight diminishes
-Weisz& Earl- video of rape then rape trial, less sympathy and acceptance of stereo types, less emotional response
-Primed automatic responses for reward in game, schema
-USA army gaming disinhib normal restraints - 23Evaluation-> demand characteristics of study , no consequences
-> SLT role cartoon had lesser effect because less identified with the characters - 24Computer Games-Batholow& Anderson violent v non violent game, white noise blast, violent showed higher
-Matthews- increased amygdala decreased PFC violent game
-Anderson Meta-analysis 136, exposure to violent games linked to agg
-Lin and Lepper florida, teacher report and game time correlation - 25Evaluation->poor studies bias
-> violent and non violent different because boring, not stimulating enough, extraneous
->short term effects of games
+> high sample size meta, highly valid and generalise
+> explains games greater role than media because more interactive nature
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- A level Psychology Flashcards on Aggression, created by Katy Mathur on 30/05/2018.
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- Katy Mathur
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