Flashcards
Chapter 6: Learning
Cards in this deck (41)
- 1Classical Conditioning- When a neutral stimulus elicits a response when it is associated with a stimulus that already elicits that response.
- Pavlovian Dog experiment where the bell caused the dog to drool because it was associated with food. - 2Biological Preparedness- Animals are genetically programmed to fear specific objects
- 3Extinction- The diminishing of a conditioned response
- When the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus - 4Spontaneous Recovery- Reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a pause
- 5Discrimination- The learned ability to discriminate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimulus
- 6Unconditioned Response (UR)- A response that does not have to be learned
- For example salivating at the sight or smell of food - 7Unconditioned Stimulus (US)- A stimulus that elicits a response without any prior learning
- For example food. - 8Conditioned Stimulus (CS)- A stimulus that elicits a response only after learning ha taken place.
- For example the bell began to symbolize food. - 9Conditioned Response (CR)- A response to a conditioned stimulus; a response that has been learned.
- For example drooling at the sound of the bell - 10Operant Conditioning- A learning process in which the consequence of an action determine the likelihood that it will be performed in the future.
- 11B.F Skinner- Skinner Box
- Developed the principle of reinforcement - 12Reinforce- Stimulus following a response that increases likelihood that the response will be repeated
- 13Shaping- Reinforcement of behaviors increasingly similar to desired behavior.
- 14Positive Reinforcement- Using a stimulus to increase probability of a behavior.
- Reward. - 15Positive Reinforcement- Using a stimulus to increase probability of a behavior.
- Reward. - 16Negative Reinforcement- Removal of a stimulus to increase probability of a behavior.
- Not punishment !!!!!! - 17Positive Punishment- Administration of a negative stimulus to decrease probability of a behavior being repeated.
- A beating. - 18Negative Punishment- Removal of a desired stimulus to decrease probability of a behavior being repeated.
- Taking away a student's gold stars - 19Primary Reinforcer- Satisfies biological needs
- The things a person needs to survive such as food, water, warmth, sex, belonging - 20Secondary Reinforcer- Satisfies wants associated with primary reinforcer
- Things we want in order to get our needs such as money, good grades, attention, and praise. - 21LearningA relatively durable change in behavior and knowledge based on experience
- 22ConditioningLearning associations between events that occur in an organism's environment
- 23Associative LearningLearning to associate one stimulus to another
- 24Acqusition(First stage of classical conditioning process)
When one links the neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus and triggers the conditioned response - 25GeneralizationSimilar stimulus may elicit similar responses
- 26Continuous ReinforcementBehavior is reinforced each time it occurs
- 27Partial ReinforcementBehavior is reinforced intermittently
- 28Ratio ScheduleReinforcement is based on how many times a behavior occurs
- 29Interval ScheduleReinforcement is given after specific amount of time
- 30Fixed RatioReinforcement given after specific number of occurrences
- 31Fixed IntervalReinforcement is given after specific amount of time
- 32Variable RatioReinforcement is given after an unpredictable number of responses
- The best !!!!!! - 33Variable IntervalReinforcement is given after an unpredictable amount of time
- 34Latent LearningLearning without reinforcement
- 35Observational LearningLearning by watching someone
- 36Social Learning- Direct: Learning and imitation
- Indirect: Vicarious Learning - 37MemesKnowledge transmitted within a culture
- 38Mirror neuronsNeurons are activated when watching others perform an action
- 39Long-term Potentiation- The strengthening of a synaptic connection
- Conditioned responses result from connections between neurons
- "Cells that fire together wire together" - 40Biological Predisposition- When a person is born with certain responses
- You cannot teach a bird to peck for danger and flap wings for food - 41HabituationDecrease in behavioral response after repeated exposure to a nonthreatening stimulus
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- Psychology Flashcards on Chapter 6: Learning, created by p_nyarko on 21/07/2013.
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