Flashcards
Phobias
Cards in this deck (15)
- 1Emotional Characteristics- Persistent fear that is likely to be excessive and unreasonable
- Often accompanied by feelings of anxiety and panic
- Occur upon anticipation of the feared stimulus and are out of proportion with the danger posed - 2Behavioural Characteristics- Immediate effort to avoid the stimulus
- 3Cognitive Characteristics- Irrational nature of the person's thinking and the resistance to rational arguments
- Recognises that their fear is unreasonable and excessive - 4Behavioural Approach to Explaining PhobiasTwo-process model
- Classical conditioning = initiation
- Operant conditioning = maintenance - 5Maintenance- Avoidance = operant conditioning
- The likelihood of a behaviour being repeated is increased if the outcome is rewarding
- Avoidance of a phobia = negative reinforcement - 6Social learning- Neo-behaviourist
- Phobias may be acquired through modelling the behaviour of others, most commonly a parent - 7EvaluationBiological preparedness
> Seligman (1970) suggested that animals are genetically programmed to rapidly learn the association between potentially dangerous stimuli and fear
> "Ancient fears" - people are less likely to fear more modern objects - 8EvaluationTwo-process model ignores cognitive factors
> The cognitive approach suggests that phobias may develop as a result of irrational thinking
> These thoughts can lead to extreme anxiety and trigger a phobia - 9EvaluationSupport for Social Learning
> Bandura and Rosenthal (1966)
> A model acted as though they were in pain everytime a buzzer sounded
> Participants who observed this showed an emotional reaction to the buzzer sound
> Acquired 'fear' response - 10Behavioural Approach to Treating PhobiasSystematic Desensitisation
- Counterconditioning = patient is taught a new association with the stimuli (relaxation instead of fear)
- Relaxation = patient is taught relaxation techniques (focusing on breathing)
- Desensitisation Hierarchy = order of anxiety - 11EvaluationNot appropriate for all phobias
> Öhman et al (1975)
> Not effective in treating phobias with an underlying evolutionary survival component - 12EvaluationStrengths of behavioural therapy
> Fast and require less effort on the patient's part than other behavioural therapies
> SD can be self administered - 13Behavioural Approach to Treating PhobiasFlooding
- One long session where the patient experiences their phobia at its worst
- Practising relaxation - 14EvaluationIndividual differences
> Can be highly traumatic
> Patients may leave during the session, but reduces the effectiveness of the treatment - 15EvaluationEffectiveness
> Those patients who stick with flooding as a treatment, it is found to be effective and relatively quick compared to CBT and SD
> Choy et al (2007) reported that both were effective but was more so out of the 2 at treating phobias
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- A level Psychology (Psychopathology) Flashcards on Phobias, created by Chanelle Titchener on 05/12/2018.
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- Chanelle Titchener
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