Flashcards
General Digital Use & Development
Cards in this deck (18)
- 1Media Usage FactsOfcom (2013) research report shows that
99% of children have access to television in the home
3-15 year olds watch on average 15.4 hours of TV a week]
12 – 15 year olds spend as long on the internet as watching TV
Over 90% of 12 – 15 year olds have a social networking account.
Question of vulnerability - 2How many ensure restricted access?Lenhart & Madden (2007)
48% of teenagers visit social networking sites at least once a day (22% more than once daily).
66% - ensure access is restricted
44% - still isn't restricted - 3Issues within social media use: (Extremes of normal behaviour)Privacy concerns
Cyberbullying
Internet Addiction
Concurrent sleep deprivation
Gap in technical knowledge between parents and youth - 4Advantages of social media useOpportunities for community engagement
Support with projects & homework from peers
Access to health information
'Meet; new people/make friends - 5Key areas of riskPeer to peer
Inappropriate content
Lack of understanding online privacy
Outside influences of third party advertising groups - 6Social Media & Self-esteem/DepressionValkenburg et al. (2006).
O’Keefe & Clarke-Pearson (2011) - 7Valkenburg et al. (2006).Survey of 881 Dutch adolescents (10 – 19 years)
Positive feedback on their profiles by networked ‘friends’ enhanced social self-esteem and well being
Negative feedback decreased self-esteem and well-being - 8O'Keefe & Clark-Pearson (2011)‘facebook depression’ is now recognised by researchers
Shown by children/adolescents spending excessive time social networking
Intensity of online world triggers depression
Risk of social isolation, substance abuse, aggression, unprotected sex… - 9Comparing cyberbullying and face-to-face bullyingBullying: Aggressive, repetitive, intentional and power imbalance
Cyberbullying: power imbalance is less in evidence (interaction can be more easily terminated?? Or is it infact more difficult to escape the intrusion of cyberbullying?)
Power can be social, psychological or physical in nature
Repetition more difficult to define in cyberbullying (e.g. one embarrassing picture posted online may be viewed by hundreds of people) - 10Differences between cyber-bullying and bullying (Smith, 2012)(1) degree of technological expertise;
(2) indirect and can be anonymous
(3) doesn’t seem victims reaction
(4) the variety of bystander roles in cyberbullying is more complex than in most traditional bullying
(5) cyberbullying does not give perpetrator power like normal bullying
(6) the breadth of the potential audience is increased,
(7) it is difficult to escape from cyberbullying (there is ‘no safe haven’), as the victim may be sent messages to their mobile or computer - 11Overlap bullying/cyberbullyingRegarding cybervictims, Livingstone et al. (2011)
- found that the
biggest risk factor of being bullied online was to bully others online.
- two-way interaction where children bully others and are bullied
themselves.
- This was especially seen between girls. - 12Why do children cyberbully?Desire to inflict harm and fear
Revenge for being bullied face-to-face
‘get back at someone’
To display superior technology skills
‘for fun’.
Do not empathize
Slonje & Smith (2008) – cyberbullies do not see the impact of their act directly, or the fear in the victims eyes - 13Motives for CyberbullyingVarjas et al, 2010
Qualitative study, 20 participants, 15-19yrs, interviews
these motives could be categorized as
either internal - revenge, boredom, jealousy, trying out a new
persona or redirecting feelings; or external - no consequences,
non-confrontational - 14Psychological research & cyberbullying-Highlights risks & opportunities children are exposed too
- Provides info' on extent of behaviour and associated risks
- NATURE of cyberbullying and WHY it occurs - 15Face-to face bullying1/6 encounter f2f bullying once a week (Rigby, 1997)
Suggest more boys than girls (Rigby & Slee, 1991)
increased levels of depression,
anxiety and psychosomatic symptoms in victims (Roland, 2002) - expressions of bullying or consequence? - 16ConsequencesBy technology, verbal and psychological bullying has more negative long-term effects (Reid, Monsen & Rivers, 2004)
Much wider audience to be aware of the incident
- Emails forwarded
-Websites visited
- Abusive words/statements not erased, rememberance 'more concrete'
- Anonymous bullying - 17Prevention - Raising awarenessSchools found to deny incidences of bullying (Besag, 1989)
Some see bullying as 'right of passage' for children to develop, normal part of childhood (justifying it)
'Teachers cant do anything as they dont have phones themselves' (Campbell & Gardner, 2005) - 18Prevention - SupervisionLocation of computer at home is what parents need to consider (Pew, 2001) as it's a peer lifeline rather than practical tool
Need power to control technology like they do with other things (eating habits, rules, play) (Snider, 2004)
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- Undergraduate Developmental (Digital Media & Child Development) Flashcards on General Digital Use & Development, created by bthnyrose on 21/04/2015.
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