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| Question | Answer |
| what is the strong element associated with depth perceptoin? | strong innate element -- for evolutionary survival |
| what are the 4 depth cues | occulomotor pictorial motion-produced binocular disparity |
| what are occulomotor cues | cues that depend on our ability to sense the position of our eyes & tension in eye-muscles |
| what are pictorial cues | cues that can be depicted in a picture - can be monocular |
| what are motion produced cues | cues that depend on movement of observer or of object in environment |
| what is binocular disparity | cues that depend on the fact that slightly different images of a scene are formed o each eye |
| with occulomotor cues, what is corelated with the distance of the observed object? | the shape of the lens & distance of our eyes |
| what are we likely to experience? | convergence as eye muscles cause us to look inwards accommodation as lens bulge to focus on a near object |
| the closer the object.. | the more the convergence and accommodation |
| how are pictorial cues better to be viewed? | monocularly |
| what are the 8 different cues to pictorial cues? | occlusion, relative size, relative height, atmospheric perspective, texture gradient, shading & shadow, familiar size, linear perspective |
| what does the atmospheric perspective cue say? | that the further away something is, there is more light & air particles to look thru = less sharp + more blue |
| what does linear perspective say | lines that are parallel seem to convergence in the seen as they get further away |
| what does familiar size say | if ur familiar with an object & its size, it acts as a cue for how far away it might be with the retinal image |
| what does relative height say | below eye height = highest point is furthest away above eye height = lowest point is further away |
| what does relative size say | the further away an object is, the smaller it gets in retinal image |
| how does the retinal image size change in relative size cues with distance | increase distance = smaller retinal image decrease distance = larger retinal image |
| what is size constancy | when an object remains the same size in reality despite the changing size in retinal image really important for depth perception! |
| what is emmert's law? | objects that generate retinal images of the same size will look different in physical size if they're at different distances (sort of the opposite of the relative size cue kinda) |
| what are the two parts to the shading & shadow cue? | attached shadows -- shadow within object detached shadows -- shadows outside of object |
| how do we tell the different with these cues? | we need to know where the light source is coming from -- often assume its above |
| what is the texture gradient cue | texture becomes smaller, finer & coarse as distance increases -- esp if patterned |
| what does occlusion say | when one object slightly obscures the other, the overlap demonstrates depth |
| what are the motion-produced cues? | motion parallex & deletion + accretion |
| what does motion parallax say | nearby moving objects move rapidly & far object move slowly. either the object is moving or we're moving |
| what kind of cue is motion parallax & who is it often used by & why? | monocular -- animals without binocular disparity to increase visual field birds bob heads, squirrels use orthogonal running |
| what does the deletion & accretion cue say | as an object moves in an environment, deletion of a back object occurs when the front object moves, and accretion is when it covers less of that back object |
| what is binocular disparity also known as? | binocular stereopsis -- two different retinal images due to slight difference between two eyes; constructs a 3rd image |
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