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Flashcards

PSY - 160 Chapter 5

jh - study Psychology English 50 cards

Cards in this deck (50)

  1. 1What is learninga systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience
  2. 2What is behaviorismA theory of learning that focuses solely on observable behavior
  3. 3What is associative learningWhen an organism makes a connection or an association between two events
  4. 4What is the process of learning associationsIt is known as conditioning
  5. 5What is observational learningLearning through observing and imitating another's behavior
  6. 6What is classical conditioningA learning process in which neutral stimuli becomes associated with an innately meaningful stimuli and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response
  7. 7What is the unconditioned stimulus (US)A stimuli that produces a response without prior learning
  8. 8What is a unconditioned responseAn unlearned reaction that is automatically elicited by the unconditioned stimulus
  9. 9What is the condition stimulusa previously neutral stimulus that eventually elicits a conditioned response after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus
  10. 10What is acquisitionthe initial learning of the connection between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus when the two stimuli are paired
  11. 11what is contiguitythe CS and US are presented very close together in time
  12. 12what is contingencythe CS also serve s as a reliable indicator that the US is on its way
  13. 13what is generalizationthe tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original CS to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response
  14. 14What is discriminationthe process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others
  15. 15What is extinctionthe weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent
  16. 16what is spontaneous recoverythe process by which a conditioned response can recur after a time delay without further conditioning
  17. 17what is CounterconditioningA classical conditioning procedure for changing the relationship between a condition stimulus and its conditioned response
  18. 18What is aversive conditioninga form of treatment that consists of repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant stimulus
  19. 19What is the placebo effectThe effect of a substance used as a control to exempt to identify the actual effects of the treatment
  20. 20What is taste aversionA special kind of classical conditioning involving the learned association between a particular taste and nausea
  21. 21What is habituationdecrease responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentation
  22. 22What is operant conditioninga form of associative learning in which the consequences of the behavior change the probability of its occurrence
  23. 23What is another name for operate conditioningInstrumental conditioning
  24. 24What is the law of effectbehaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened and behaviors followed by negative outcomes are weakened
  25. 25What is shapingrewarding behavior that is similar to the desired behavior
  26. 26What is reinforcementthe process by which a stimulus or event following a particular behavior increases the probability of the behavior occurring again
  27. 27What is positive reinforcementthe presentation of a stimulus after a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that behavior
  28. 28What is negative reinforcementthe removal of the stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that behavior
  29. 29What is avoidance learningand organisms learning that it can avoid a negative stimulus by making a particular response
  30. 30What is learned helplessnessthrough experience with unavoidable aversive stimuli in organism learns that it has no control over negative outcomes
  31. 31What is the primary reinforcerSomething that is innately satisfying that doesn't take any learning on the organisms part to make it pleasurable
  32. 32What is the secondary reinforcersomething that acquires is positive value through an organism's experience it's a learned or conditioned reinforcer
  33. 33What are schedules of reinforcementspecific patterns that develop when a behavior will be reinforced
  34. 34What is a ratio schedulea schedule that relies on the number of behaviors that must be performed prior to the reward
  35. 35What is an interval schedulea schedule based on the amount of time that must pass before a behavior is rewarded
  36. 36What is a fixed schedulethe number of behaviors or the amount of time is always the same
  37. 37What is a variable schedulethe required number of behaviors or the amount of time that must pass changes and is unpredictable from the perspective of the learner
  38. 38What is punishmenta consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur
  39. 39What is positive punishmentthe presentation of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to decrease the frequency of that behavior
  40. 40What is negative punishmentThe removal of a stimulus following a given behavior to decrease the frequency of that behavior
  41. 41what is delay of gratificationputting off the pleasure of an immediate reward to gain a larger later reward
  42. 42what is applied behavior analysis aka behavior modificationThe use of an operating conditioning principle to change human behavior
  43. 43What is observational learninglearning that occurs when a person observes and imitates behavior
  44. 44What are the four processes of observational learningattention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement
  45. 45What is latent learning or implicit learningunreinforced learning that is not immediately reflected in behavior
  46. 46What is insight learningA former problem solving in which the organism develops a sudden insight into or understanding of a problem solution
  47. 47what is preparednessthe species specific biological predisposition to learn in some ways but not in others
  48. 48what is instinctive driftthe tendency of animals to revert to instinctive behavior that interferes with learning
  49. 49what is the idea behind learning stylesthe idea that some people differ in terms of the method of instruction that will help them learn
  50. 50What are the three learning stylesvisual, oral, kinesthetic

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Psychology Flashcards on PSY - 160 Chapter 5, created by jh - study on 10/04/2025.
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