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Flashcards

Attachments

Isabelle Carroll Psychology A level English 58 cards

Cards in this deck (58)

  1. 1What is a attachment?2 way emotional bond between 2 people
  2. 2What is reciprocity?turn - taking
    mothers respond to baby
    each action responds to action by other
  3. 3what is interactional synchrony?care giver and infant interact simultaneously
    coordinated
    isabella - relates to quality of attachment
  4. 4what a strength of research into caregiver interaction?filmed observations in natural homes
    baby not aware of study so act as they normally would
  5. 5whats a weakness of observing babies?hard to know meanings of small movements, can be random and unpredictable
  6. 6what was Shaffer and emersons research?formed stages of attachment
    mothers reported on glsaglow, working class 60 babies
  7. 7what were the 4 stages of attachment?Asocial - same to humans and objects
    indiscriminate - prefer people
    specific - form primary attachment figure
    multiple - form secondary attachments
  8. 8what a strength of shaffer and emersons research?good external validity
    mothers did reports
    not influenced by other people
    natural setting
  9. 9how does stages of attachment have real world application?how day care should start in asocial or indiscriminate stage as not sepcific BUT not in specific stage as problematic
  10. 10whats a weakness of shaffer and emersons researchgathered in 1960s glasgow
    hard to generalise
    plus different stages in different cultures?
  11. 11what did shaffer and emerson find about role of the fathermost babies do attach to father, 75% by 18m but only 3% have father as first attachment
  12. 12what did Grossman find about role of the fatherfathers do have a role of play and stimulation, different to nuturing mother
  13. 13what did Tiffany Field find about role of the fatherFathers have potential to be the primary caregiver, just a responsive as mothers
  14. 14what the biggest issue about role of the father?conflicting research question
    too broad, researchers looked into different areas
    no answer was given
  15. 15how does role of the father have real world applications?families ca be advised about role
    useful to prevent anxiety for lesbian couples or single parents
  16. 16what does attachment become through association with hunger?secondary drive
  17. 17what does the learning theroy say explains attachmentclassical and operant conditioning
  18. 18explain classical conditioning involving attachmentsneutral caregiver associated with uncoditioned food
    so caregiver becomes conditioned
  19. 19how does operant conditioning explain attachments?crying
    mother responds to avoid unpleasant crying - neg reinforce
    baby cries to receive comfort - pos reinforce
  20. 20what critisizes learning theory?Harlows monkeys
    showed food is not key but comfort
  21. 21explain Lorenzs studythe geese saw him, attached to first living thing - imprinting
    sexual imprinting - mate with that species
  22. 22explain Harlows researchmonkeys clung to cloth mover over wire with milk
    'contact comfort'
  23. 23what the main issue with animal studies?hard to generalise to much more complex humans
    caused distress to animals - unethical
  24. 24how does animal studies offer real world value?professionals promote bonding
    applicable in zoos and breeding systems
  25. 25what did bowlby suggest monotropy is?one attachment figure best quality
    primary
  26. 26what are social releasers?innate behaviours by babies elicit care
    behavioural and physical
    crying, smiling
  27. 27what is the critical period?first 1 -2 years of a infant life
    form attachment to avoid consequences in development
  28. 28whats is bowlbys internal working modelprimary attachments are a template for future relationships
  29. 29what was Aimsworth strange situation? what did it test?controlled observation
    assess proximity seeking, secure base, reunion, stranger and seperation anxiety
  30. 30what is a secure attachmentgreet on reunion, moderate anxiety, seek secure base
  31. 31what is insecure - resistant attachmentresistant on reunion, distressed, high anxiety
  32. 32what is insecure - avoidant attachmentavoids reunion, not bothered, no distress or anxiety
  33. 33what the big issue with aimsworth strange situationdone in USA
    culturally biased
    others have different experiences that shape attachments
  34. 34describe van IJzerdoorn and Kroonenbergs researchcultural variations in attachments
    conducted SS in 8 countries
    secure most common in all
    China, Japan high resistant
    Germany high avoidant
    variation within countries, parenting styles
  35. 35describe other studies of cultural variationsAlessandra italy - high avoidant
    mothers work longer, day care
    Kyoung Jin Korea - child rearing styles
    similar japan, high resistant
  36. 36what did research into cultural variations show?secure is norm
    but cultural practices do have influence on attachment type as proven
  37. 37whats a issue with research into cultures?confounding variables not controlled
    differences in environment where studies and personalities from country to country
  38. 38one strength of cultrual researchuses indigenous researchers
    from same culture of study
    so understand people and practices well
    makes it valid
    however are they then biased?
  39. 39what did Bowlby suggest were the effects of maternal deprivation?deprived in critical period, causes long term effects
    effects intellectual development - low IQ
    lack of emotional = affectionless psychopaths, no empathy
  40. 40what was Bowlby's maternal deprivation study?12/14 thieves that were affectionless psychopaths did experience maternal deprivation
  41. 41what contradicts Bowlby's maternal deprivation theorythe Czech twins case
    experienced maternal deprivation but did recover long term
    is it a sensitive period nit a critical period?
  42. 42list somes issues of bowlbys maternal deprivation studysocially sensitive
    pressure on mother
    correlation does not equal causation
    did affectionless cause deprivation?
    does after WW2 - confounding variables
  43. 43whats a strength of maternal deprivation?practical uses, real world application
    allows parents to stay with child in hospital, ensures institutions are done better ectera
  44. 44what was rutters research into institutionalisationshowed that 165 Romanian orphans that were adopted in Uk showed low IQ and disinhibited attachment
    longer in orphanage before adoption = more effect on iq
  45. 45what was Zeanahs research into institutionalisationorphan group 19% secure
    44% disinhib
    control 74% secure
    20% disinhib
  46. 46what were effects of institutionalisationintelectual development reduced - low IQ
    disinhibited attachment type
  47. 47what is a disinhibited attachment typeclingy, attention seeking behaviour
    result of romanian orphanages
  48. 48how does institutionalisation have real world application?the findings have lead to improvements in care within romanian orphanages and adoption care
  49. 49whats aproblem with institutionalisation research?dont know long term effects as lack of data onto the orphans after enter adulthood
  50. 50whats a benefit of research into institutionalisationless confounding variables
    most had good childhood before war took parents and put them in orphanages
    so all have same experiences before adoption
  51. 51what is the influence of attachment on childhood relationships?securely attached have better friendships, unlikely to be involved in bullying
    avoidant victims
    resistant bullies
  52. 52what is the influence of attachment on adult relationshipssecure better friends and longer relationships, pass on to children
    attachments a template for later relationships
    reflect parenting on to children same as received from own parents
  53. 53list 2 problems with influence of early attachments on laterself report techniques biased and assume attachment type dies not change
    association between families may be result of genes not the environment
  54. 54what did Brazelton say about reciprocity?like a dance
    partners respond to each other
  55. 55what was research on interactional synchrony?filmed observation
    adult displayed 1 of 3 facial expressions
    baby more likely to mirror it than chance would allow
  56. 56what did Isabella say about synchronyhigh levels of IS
    is associated with better quality attachments
  57. 57what is law of continuitymore consistent and predictable care result in better attachments
  58. 58the law of accumulated seperationeffects of mothers seperation adds up and has a effect

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A level Psychology Flashcards on Attachments, created by Isabelle Carroll on 16/04/2025.
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