Flashcards
Unit 2 Aggression
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1AggressionAntisocial behaviour, that harms or intends to harm someone or something
- 2Biological Explanation> Aggression is innate (inborn)
> The role of the brain, hormones & Chemicals
> The Limbic system - The CNS is linked
> Research on human brains has been restricted - 3Testosterone Levels (Young et al)> To see what effect hormones have on aggressive behaviour
> Young injected pregnant Rhesus monkeys with testosterone & observed levels of aggression in their offspring
> The high levels of testosterone made the female offspring behave more male and challenged them for dominance
> Testosterone does play a vital role in aggression - 4Charles Whitman - Supporting Study> Shot his wife, mother & 12 pupils at University of Texas
> Killed by Police
> Asked for an autopsy after death - 5Evaluation - Charles Whitman> Fathers Abuse
> Fear of Failing
> Previous Marines Training
> Humiliating his Father - 6Chemicals> Testosterone has an effect
> Violent criminals have higher testosterone levels than non-criminals
> Serotonin has been linked due to affect on the Reticular Activating System
> Lower levels of serotonin = aggression as sensory info not dampened - 7Chromosomal Abnormalities> Damage to any pair of chromosomes can cause problems both physically and mentally
> XYY Syndrome - Male, tall & aggressive - 8Psychodynamic Theory (Freud)> He believed that everyone has an instinct for self-destruction & that aggression is the drive that satisfies it
> Aggression urges are constantly building & must be released to prevent explosion
> The death instinct conflicts with the life instinct and the 'ego' has to manage the 2 instincts - 9Frustration - Aggression Hypothesis (Dollard)> Belief that frustration causes aggression, therefore anyone frustrated will also be aggressive
> People are motivated to reach goals but when not achieved they become frustrated - 10Frustration - Aggression MillerAggression is only raised slightly due to frustration.
People may not show aggression because:
> They think it's wrong
> They have learned not to show it
> They may be frightened
> Frustration caused may not be intended - 11Frustration - Aggression Supporting Studies> Barker - Kept children waiting before they could play, became more aggressive than the control group
> Megargee - Aggressive animals repress their anger & have 'over controlled' personalities, so they explode over something trivial - 12Berkowitz Frustration Aggression Supporting Study> To investigate the idea that people could learn to associate a particular stimulus with anger or releasing it
> Participants enraged by a Confed. then had to deliver mild shocks. Some had a shotgun next to them, others a badminton racket & Control had nothing
>More results were given by those who saw the gun than those who did not
> People learn to associate particular stimuli with anger or ways of releasing it - 13Social Learning Theory (Bandura)Aggression is learnt by observation, imitation and reinforcement
- 14Social Learning (Patterson)> To investigate the effects of negative reinforcement on aggressive behaviour
> Children were watched in observation
> Noted acts of impersonal aggression and the immediate consequences of actions. Children showing highest level of aggression most common consequence was a rewarding one
> Children who fought back were least likely to be aggressive, if fought back more likely to become aggressive
> If aggressive behaviour is reinforced, it's more likely to be repeated - 15Biological Reducing Aggression> Surgery
> Chemicals or Drugs
> Sleep
> Food
> Supplements - 16Biological Possibility of Success> Very Drastic
> Ethics
> Lack of Understanding
> Other side effects
> Have to want to change - 17Psychodynamic (F/A) Reducing Aggression< Sublimation
> Channelling aggression through acceptable activities
< Displacement
> Transferring aggression onto something else
< Catharsis
> A build up of anger/aggression that needs to be released - 18Psychodynamic (F/A) Possibility of Success> It's logical
> Doesn't work for every emotion
> Do something for the opposite emotion
> Very little evidence to support
> Berkowitz found the opposite was true
> Arms - People become more hostile when watching an aggressive sport - 19Social Learning Reducing Aggression< Bandura
> Seeing aggressive models being punished can reduce aggression in others
< Baron
> Watching non - aggressive can also reduce aggression
< Huesmann
> When children are taught that things on TV aren't always real, they show less aggression than those not taught - 20Social Learning Possibility of Success> Using aggression as a punishment means that an adult is modelling
> Aggressive models cannot be removed from society
> Murray - Watching TV programmes promoting sharing & helpfulness led to less aggressive behaviour
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- GCSE Psychology Flashcards on Unit 2 Aggression, created by Saskia Wellstead on 13/03/2016.
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- Saskia Wellstead
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